Archive for October, 2013

24/10/2013

Chinese tee! How the game of golf could stem from the Far East | Mail Online

First the compass, then gunpowder and printing; now golf!

“It’s an ancient game that has never quite worked out where its origins lay.

Court Ladies in the Inner Palace, Du Jin, believed to be from the 2nd half 15th century, from the Shanghai Museum

But while it is generally considered to have been born in Scotland, a new Chinese mural could spark the battle of ownership over the sport.

A 500-year-old scroll showing three Chinese ladies and their caddies playing chuiwan – an activity very similar to golf – will be displayed at the V&A today.

Court Ladies in the Inner Palace, Du Jin, believed to be from the 2nd half 15th century, from the Shanghai Museum. The 500-year-old scroll showing three Chinese ladies and their caddies playing chuiwan – an activity very similar to golf – will be displayed at the V&A today

While it is generally considered to have been born in Scotland, the Chinese mural could spark the battle of ownership over the sport

The museum’s curators say the scroll predates any paintings of European golfers, The Times reported.

It could be proof that their game of hitting a ball with a stick bears more resemblance to golf than the Scottish, who claim that golf derived from their game of hockey.

Scotland has long declared itself to be the home of golf.

It claims that the games goes as far back as the 15th century when, the game of ‘gowf’, as it was known in those days, was banned by Parliament under King James II, who branded it as a distraction from military training.

The ban was lifted when the Treaty of Glasgow came into effect in 1502.

However, the earliest form of golf can be traced back to the Roman game of paganica, where players used a bent stick to hit a stuffed leather ball

From the tenth century, the Chinese game chuíwán ¿ played with several clubs and a ball were played in China during the Song Dynasty, according to the International Golf Federation

From the tenth century, the Chinese game chuíwán — played with several clubs and a ball were played in China during the Song Dynasty, according to the International Golf Federation.

A book written during the Song dynasty described how competitors would dig holes in the ground and then drive the ball into them using different coloured sticks.

Literally, chui means ‘hit’ and wan means ‘ball’.

It could have reached Western shores after Chinese traders began travelling to Europe in the Middle Ages, explaining why golf became popular from the 15th century.

The painting, which comes from the Shanghai Museum, is part of the V&A’s Masterpieces of Chinese Painting 700 – 1900 exhibition, and will be shown in Britain for the first time.”

via Chinese tee! How the game of golf could stem from the Far East | Mail Online.

See also: http://www.curledup.com/geniusch.htm

24/10/2013

China has technology to build VTOL J-20 stealth fighter jet

A few days ago, a dual-hull aircraft carrier, today a VTOL fighter. Are these for real or ‘western’ paranoia?

See also: https://chindia-alert.org/2013/10/20/china-developing-180000-ton-double-hull-aircraft-carrier/

23/10/2013

Spain probes Hu Jintao ‘genocide’ in Tibet court case – BBC News

Spain’s top criminal court has decided to hear a case brought by Tibetan rights activists who allege that China’s former President Hu Jintao committed genocide in Tibet.

Hu Jintao, 27 Sep 10

Judges ruled that they were competent to handle the case because one of the activists, Tibetan monk Thubten Wangchen, is a Spanish citizen.

Hu Jintao was the Communist Party leader in Tibet in 1988-1992, when Chinese troops quelled mass protests.

China imposed martial law in Tibet.

The remote mountainous territory is an autonomous region ruled by Beijing.

In their lawsuit against Hu Jintao the Madrid-based Tibetan Support Committee allege that as Communist leader in the region he was ultimately responsible for actions “aimed at eliminating the uniqueness and existence of Tibet as a country, imposing martial law, carrying out forced deportations, mass sterilisation campaigns, torture of dissidents”.

The Spanish legal system recognises the universal justice principle, under which genocide suspects can be put on trial outside their home country. But for Spain to hold the trial there is a requirement that at least one victim of alleged genocide must be a Spanish citizen.

Beijing claims a centuries-old sovereignty over Tibet, but many Tibetans remain loyal to the exiled Buddhist spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama. He is seen by his followers as a living god, but by China as a separatist threat.

Genocide, the gravest crime against humanity, is understood to mean actions aimed at the mass extermination of a whole group of people.

via BBC News – Spain probes Hu Jintao ‘genocide’ in Tibet court case.

23/10/2013

China, India sign deal aimed at soothing Himalayan tension | Reuters

China and India signed a deal on Wednesday aimed at soothing tension on their contested border, as the two nuclear-armed giants try to break a decades-old stalemate on overlapping claims to long remote stretches of the Himalayas.

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang (R) speaks during a joint news conference with India's Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing October 23, 2013. REUTERS/Kyodo News/Peng Sun/Pool

The agreement was signed in Beijing\’s Great Hall of the People following a meeting between Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Chinese Premier Li Keqiang.

China, a close ally of India\’s long-time foe, Pakistan, lays claim to more than 90,000 sq km (35,000 sq miles) disputed by New Delhi in the eastern sector of the Himalayas. India says China occupies 38,000 square kilometers (14,600 square miles) of its territory on the Aksai Chin plateau in the west.

via China, India sign deal aimed at soothing Himalayan tension | Reuters.

23/10/2013

We won’t interfere in China’s sea disputes, says Indian minister | South China Morning Post

The territorial dispute between Manila and Beijing is a bilateral issue in which New Delhi will not interfere, Indian external affairs minister Salman Khurshid told the South China Morning Post.

india_dispute_net.jpg

His comments come as Prime Minister Manmohan Singh embarks on three-day visit to China to discuss reducing border tensions, boosting trade and easing visa requirements.

Singh has faced attacks from the opposition for being too soft in trade and border disputes with China, just months before India‘s general election.

But Beijing will no doubt be watching closely the visit by Khurshid to Manila, where he has agreed with his Philippines counterpart to embark on a strategic partnership, and increase military exchanges.

Beijing and Manila are engaged in an acrimonious stand-off over disputed territory in the South China Sea.

The apparent tag-team diplomacy by Singh and Khurshid appears to show India’s intent to play both sides – while staying neutral in China’s disputes with other countries. India has grown more reliant on China over the past decade, with two-way trade growing to US$66 billion last year. It also wants to boost its influence in Southeast Asia, where China is making greater inroads.

“It is a coincidence that [Singh] is in China and I’m here,” Khurshid told the Post.

During an open forum yesterday following his lecture on India\’s foreign policy where he emphasised India’s “look east policy,” Khurshid said there had never been an occasion where China told India to stay out of the South China Sea. “Because we don’t interfere,” he said.

India’s state-owned Oil and Natural Gas is in joint venture with Vietnam in an offshore gas field area which China claims.

“We do believe that anything that is a bilateral issue between two nations must be settled by those two nations,” he said.

“But if someone seeks advice, if someone seeks comfort, of course we will give it.”

via We won’t interfere in China’s sea disputes, says Indian minister | South China Morning Post.

23/10/2013

Swelling lakes in Hol Xil pose railway threat – Xinhua

Swelling lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, a notable sign of global warming, are threatening the safety of the world\’s highest railway, according to climate and ecological experts.

One flooded lake is now only 8 km away from a section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in the depopulated area of Hol Xil Nature Reserve, according to the latest satellite monitoring by the Qinghai Provincial Academy of Meteorological Sciences.

Liu Baokang, engineer with the academy\’s remote-sensing and ecological evaluation center, said several lakes in the nature reserve have been overflowing since 2011 after receiving an increasing volume of melted snow from glaciers on the plateau, known as the \”roof of the world.\”

Liu said the center\’s research shows that the lakes have become a threat to the railway\’s roadbed and roads on the Qinghai-Tibet Highway as well as important oil pipelines, cables and power facilities that run through the region.

Sitting 4,600 meters above sea level, the 45,000 square km Hol Xil nature reserve is China\’s largest unpopulated area and is home to wild yaks and endangered Tibetan antelope.

Major lakes in the reserve, namely Zhuonai Lake, Qusay Lake and a salt lake, are all holding water at historically high levels.

Following a dyke breach in 2011, water has flowed from Zhuonai Lake and fed into Qusay Lake. The latter\’s overflow has resulted in swelling of the salt lake downstream, which has more than tripled its 2011 size, endangering the rail line.

Wang Xinwen, a spokesman with the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Co., said the company has \”prepared a comprehensive set of contingency plans to cope with an emergency.\” But he declined to give details of measures to be taken if the rail track were to become submerged in lake water.

Wang affirmed that, so far, no harm to the railway\’s foundation from the flooding lake has been monitored.

The railway boasts a length of 1,956 km at an altitude of over 4,000 meters, connecting northwest China\’s Qinghai Province and Lhasa, capital of southwest China\’s Tibet Autonomous Region.

Data from the provincial weather bureau showed that temperatures in the Hol Xil region rose by an average of 0.38 degrees Celsius every ten years.

\”Rising temperatures have accelerated the melting of glaciers. Increased precipitation in the region has also contributed to the expanding lakes,\” said Liu.

He said lake flooding has also triggered changes in the landscape.

Rangers patrolling the region this year discovered that a gorge, which appeared after the 2011 dyke breach on Zhuonai Lake, is blocking the migration route of a herd of about 3,000 Tibetan antelope. The animal has lately grown accustomed to giving birth by the lakeside instead of travelling to its traditional pasture for breeding, which has affected vegetation in the area as the antelopes graze on nearby plants.

\”This has accelerated desertification by the lakeside,\” said Zhao Xinlu, director of the Zhuonai Lake Conservation Station.

The provincial government has organized meteorological, hydrological and environmental protection experts to closely monitor flooding on the lakes.

via Swelling lakes in Hol Xil pose railway threat – Xinhua | English.news.cn.

23/10/2013

China paper in detained journalist plea – BBC News

A Chinese newspaper has published a rare front-page plea for the release of one of its journalists held by police.

A screen shot of New Express front page

The New Express, based in Guangzhou, called for Chen Yongzhou, who was detained last week, to be freed.

The paper said Mr Chen\’s detention was linked to reports he wrote about a part state-owned construction equipment company based in Hunan.

Police in Hunan have confirmed the journalist has been detained for \”damage to business reputation\’\’.

Earlier this year, Mr Chen wrote several reports about Zoomlion, which is partly owned by the Hunan provincial government.

Zoomlion issued a statement after one New Express article, which alleged it had improperly accounted for sales, caused its share price to drop.

In a statement to the Hong Kong stock exchange in late May, the company called the claims \”false, groundless and misleading\”.

via BBC News – China paper in detained journalist plea.

22/10/2013

Nasa reverses conference’s ban on Chinese scientists – BBC News

The US space agency has said it will allow Chinese scientists to attend an astronomy conference in California next month, reversing an earlier ban.

Undated artist rendering of Kepler-62e and Kepler-62f, discovered using Nasa's Kepler telescope

Nasa put the earlier ban down to a misinterpretation of its policy on foreign nationals.

Chinese officials had called the rejection of Chinese scientists\’ applications a form of discrimination.

The event for scientists who research planets beyond the solar system will be held at Ames Research Center.

The bar on Chinese scientists, revealed earlier this month, was prompted by new counter-espionage legislation restricting foreign nationals\’ access to Nasa facilities, Nasa spokesman Allard Beutel told the BBC.

The conference will be attended by US and international researchers who work on Nasa\’s Kepler space telescope programme.

via BBC News – Nasa reverses conference’s ban on Chinese scientists.

21/10/2013

China’s Arms Industry Makes Global Inroads – NYTimes.com

From the moment Turkey announced plans two years ago to acquire a long-range missile defense system, the multibillion-dollar contract from a key NATO member appeared to be an American company’s to lose.

For years, Turkey’s military had relied on NATO-supplied Patriot missiles, built by the American companies Raytheon and Lockheed Martin, to defend its skies, and the system was fully compatible with the air-defense platforms operated by other members of the alliance.

There were other contenders for the deal, of course. Rival manufacturers in Russia and Europe made bids. Turkey rejected those — but not in favor of the American companies. Its selection last month of a little-known Chinese defense company, China Precision Machinery Export-Import Corp oration, stunned the military-industrial establishment in Washington and Brussels.

The sale was especially unusual because the Chinese missile defense system, known as the HQ-9, would be difficult to integrate with existing NATO equipment. China Precision is also subject to sanctions from the United States for selling technologies that the United States says could help Iran, Syria and North Korea develop unconventional weapons. A State Department spokeswoman said this month that American officials had expressed to the Turkish government “serious concerns” about the deal, which has not yet been signed.

Industry executives and arms-sales analysts say the Chinese probably beat out their more established rivals by significantly undercutting them on price, offering their system at $3 billion. Nonetheless, Turkey’s selection of a Chinese state-owned manufacturer is a breakthrough for China, a nation that has set its sights on moving up the value chain in arms technology and establishing itself as a credible competitor in the global weapons market.

“This is a remarkable win for the Chinese arms industry,” said Pieter Wezeman, a senior researcher at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, which tracks arms sales and transfers.

In the past, Chinese companies have been known mainly as suppliers of small arms, but that is changing quickly. From drones to frigates to fighter jets, the companies are aggressively pushing foreign sales of high-tech hardware, mostly in the developing world. Russian companies are feeling the greatest pressure, but American and other Western companies are also increasingly running into the Chinese.

via China’s Arms Industry Makes Global Inroads – NYTimes.com.

21/10/2013

Photo gallery: A walk through Mayawati’s Dalit park | India Insight

On a hot Tuesday afternoon, I walked into the recently reopened Dalit park in Noida, outside New Delhi. This is the park built by Mayawati, the 57-year-old former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, as a memorial to the class of people long known in India as “untouchables.” A Dalit herself, Mayawati is a symbol of what traditionally oppressed classes and castes in India can do with their lives.

Of course, Mayawati has been accused by her political opponents of wasting money — lots of it. She seems like an easy target, especially when she has commissioned statues of herself. For a senior Congress politician, erecting one’s own statue was an act of ‘megalomania’. But the symbolism that this structure seeks to attach itself with — asserting Dalit identity and acknowledging “sacrifices” made by people of backward classes — is hard to miss.

The high central chamber of the Dalit park, which is a short drive into Uttar Pradesh from Delhi, draws heavily on Buddhist architecture. It houses statues of B. R. Ambedkar, who helped draft India’s Constitution; Kanshi Ram, founder of the Bahujan Samaj Party that Mayawati now heads; and the former chief minister herself with her ubiquitous handbag, an uncommon thing for a living politician to do.

The 40-metre-high structure is surrounded by 20 sculptures of elephants, 10 on either side. The remaining complex, built at a cost of nearly 7 billion rupees ($113 million), includes bronze statues of Ambedkar and other “pioneers of social transformation,” and replicas of the Ashoka Chakra.

“The Dalits fought like anybody else in the struggle against the British. She is underscoring it that it is this part of history that you have not talked about for the last 65 years,” said Sohail Hashmi, a Delhi-based historian.

The park was inaugurated by Mayawati two years ago. But when the Samajwadi Party came to power last year, led by Akhilesh Yadav, a probe was ordered into alleged irregularities in its construction. The investigation is still on but Yadav threw open the park on Oct. 2, Mahatma Gandhi’s birthday, a decision that caused controversy of its own.

Spread over some 80 acres, the “Rashtriya Dalit Prerna Sthal” (or the national Dalit memorial)  is located on the banks of the Yamuna river.

One of the 4,000 visitors to visit the park in the week since it was reopened was Rajiv Prasad.

“I wanted to witness the history and achievements of our people. The history of the oppressed people that has been written gives us self-confidence. If money has been spent on this, it’s good,” said the college principal from Bihar, born in Azamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh.

Neeraja Choudhury, a political analyst, said there probably are better ways to assert the identity of India’s so-called backward classes.“If I were to do it, I would certainly go in for Dalit education because the largest group of illiterates in the world is Dalit girls. Seven hundred crores would have gone a long way in building those high quality institutions to bring about educational revolution for Dalits.”

via Photo gallery: A walk through Mayawati’s Dalit park | India Insight.

See also: https://chindia-alert.org/prognosis/indian-challenges/

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