15/07/2014

Software products bring hot career choices as India looks beyond IT services | India Insight

When Zomato was setting up shop six years ago, the online restaurant search service had to woo engineers, but many weren’t interested in working for an unknown company. Instead, they wanted to work for larger and prestigious names. Slowly, that is changing.

Indian companies such as Zomato and Flipkart, which make their own technology products rather than provide services are becoming more attractive to the country’s engineering school graduates, and are hiring more people as they alter technology industry hiring patterns.

“We had to convince parents to let their kids work with us. Most people had no idea of what a products startup can offer,” said Gunjan Patidar, Zomato’s chief technology officer, talking about the company’s early days. “They know about Infosys and TCS because that’s where their cousins and friends have worked.”

Backed by Silicon Valley-based venture capitalists, these homegrown companies are not afraid to match salary packages offered by established foreign companies, and offer perks such as employee stock options.

Not everyone is born to be an engineer, but in India, many parents are determined to make it so for their children. India produces about 80,000 engineering graduates every year, according to Sandhya Chintala, vice president of the National Association of Software and Services Companies.

Engineering is considered a prestigious profession. In India’s close-knit family system, jobs can be associated with upward mobility, and can make a son or daughter a better marriage prospect. Children often have no say in the decision.

Working in information technology services with hundreds of thousands of employees, such as Tata Consultancy Services or Infosys, which handle other companies’ technology needs, has long been the easiest way for graduates to go abroad on job assignments, adding to their perceived social worth.

“I often say in India people first become engineers and then they decide what to do with their lives,” said Girish Mathrubootham, founder and chief executive of online customer support platform Freshdesk, which recently raised $31 million in funding from private equity firms Tiger Global, Accel Partners and Google Capital.

Freshdesk lost a potential employee in the early days to TCS because the employee’s parents wanted him to work for a well known company, Mathrubootham said. “Now we have an employee who went to work with Honeywell, but she came back within six months.”

via Software products bring hot career choices as India looks beyond IT services | India Insight.

15/07/2014

Shanghai most likely headquarters for BRICS development bank | Reuters

Shanghai looks set to become the headquarters of a development bank being launched by the BRICS emerging market nations, despite fears by some members of the group that China could hijack the bank to serve its interests.

A man walks past a signage decoration for the BRICS summit outside Sheraton Hotel, the venue for the third BRICS summit in Sanya, Hainan province April 14, 2011. REUTERS/Jason Lee/Files

Brazil, China, India, Russia and South Africa are due to sign off on the new institution on Tuesday, along with an emergency reserves fund, after two years of negotiations, a major step for the diverse group known more for its anti-Western rhetoric than coordinated action.

Russian presidential adviser Yuri Ushakov told Kremlin reporters late last week that bank would be based in Shanghai, mainland China’s financial capital, citing discussion papers prepared by the member countries.

Earlier, Russia’s finance minister said India was vying with China to host the new infrastructure lender.

“The bank’s headquarters will be located in Shanghai. This is fixed in the documents,” Ushakov said.

In a further sign that an agreement had been reached on the headquarters, an Indian government official on Monday played down the debate and said India’s top priority was to make sure members of the institutions all had equal voting rights, unlike Western-run multilaterals they seek to challenge, such as the World Bank.

“Equitable shareholding is the principal goal for India,” the official said. Second on India’s list of concerns was giving the bank a name that would allow non-BRICS nations to join in future, the official said.

The Chinese Finance Ministry did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

via Shanghai most likely headquarters for BRICS development bank | Reuters.

11/07/2014

Logistics: The flow of things | The Economist

TWO examples of the infrastructure that has helped make China a mighty trading power can be found on the outskirts of Shanghai: Yangshan, the world’s busiest container port, and Pudong airport, the world’s third-biggest handler of air cargo. Radiating out across the country are more than 100,000km (62,000 miles) of expressways and a comparable length of railways. Given all this new infrastructure, you might expect China to have a world-class logistics industry, too. It does not.

Logistics covers transportation, warehousing and the management of goods. Its Chinese translation, wu liu, literally means “the flow of things”. But that flow within the country is costly and cumbersome. Much of the investment in infrastructure has gone to lubricate exports. Now, as China’s government shifts its focus to consumption at home it is finding that the domestic logistics industry is woefully inefficient.

Logistics spending is roughly equivalent to 18% of GDP, higher than in other developing countries (India and South Africa spend 13-14% of GDP) and double the level seen in the developed world. Li Keqiang, the prime minister, recently echoed industry’s complaints that sending goods from Shanghai to Beijing can cost more than sending them to America.

Most warehouses are old and unmechanised. Goods are transferred up to a dozen times from vehicle to vehicle as they make their way across the country. There are no cargo hubs that help link freight from rail to road. The decrepit and overloaded lorries that ply the new highways are unable to find a return cargo on more than one third of their trips.

China has over 700,000 trucking operators, most of them one-man outfits. (America has about 7,000.) Scale is essential to the business, but the top 20 firms together make up barely 2% of the market. Nancy Qian of KXTX, a logistics firm, observes that companies compete so fiercely on price that most barely make any money, and so lack the funds needed to modernise or achieve economies of scale.

The industry is carved into niches, making it hard for integrated service providers to emerge. Sleepy state-owned enterprises such as Sinotrans and China Post control the markets for air freight and domestic post. Foreign express-delivery firms are salivating over the market but FedEx and UPS, for example, have been granted only limited licences for domestic delivery. More importantly, foreign firms are burdened with high costs that make it hard to compete for frugal customers against lean local rivals.

For all firms, local or foreign, a tangle of regulations, local protectionism and corruption makes getting goods across China a problem. Logistics, broadly defined, falls under the authority of nine ministries and commissions. Local governments often levy taxes on operators and demand they obtain special licences to operate. There are also heavy tolls on China’s roads, and lorries are restricted from entering most urban areas so must transfer goods onto smaller vehicles.

via Logistics: The flow of things | The Economist.

11/07/2014

India’s ‘Plastic Man’ Chemist Turns Litter Into Paved Roads – Businessweek

For as far as the eye can see, there’s stinking, smoking, untreated garbage. It’s concentrated in the municipal dump, in the South Indian city of Madurai, but not contained by it. The surrounding fields are also piled with trash. Stray dogs nibble at mounds of rotting food. The trees are denuded and covered with shredded plastic, the blue and pink and yellow bags like some kind of sinister confetti.

India's 'Plastic Man' Turns Litter Into Paved Roads

The road to the dump, and beyond it to Madurai’s airport, is like a Hollywood vision of dystopian ruin: lifeless, black, choked with human refuse. And that’s why Rajagopalan Vasudevan’s enthusiasm is so jarring. As he makes his way through the rubbish, he’s like a child on a treasure hunt. “Wonderful resource,” he says, admiring a jumble of plastic bags, jerrycans, and torn food packets. “With all this plastic, I could lay the whole road to the airport.”

It is difficult to exaggerate India’s garbage problem. Jairam Ramesh, the nation’s former environment minister, has said that if there were a “Nobel prize for dirt and filth,” India would win it. As much as 40 percent of the country’s municipal waste remains uncollected, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Of the waste that is collected, almost none is recycled. Most of it sits in open dumps such as the one in Madurai, leaching into the soil and contaminating groundwater. Some of it is burned, releasing dioxins and other toxic chemicals into the air.

Much of India’s garbage is made up of plastic—a scourge of the nation’s new consumer economy. The country’s Central Pollution Control Board says more than 15,000 tons of plastic waste are generated daily. Although the nation’s per capita consumption of plastic is low compared with that of the U.S., it’s expected to double over the next five years as India continues to develop. This poses huge environmental, social, and economic challenges. As the Supreme Court of India recently observed: “We are sitting on a plastic time bomb.”

Vasudevan sees an opportunity. A professor of chemistry at Thiagarajar College of Engineering, near Madurai, he insists that plastic gets a bad rap. Rather than an incipient environmental calamity, plastic, in Vasudevan’s opinion, is a “gift from the gods”; it’s up to humans to use it wisely. And he’s devised a way to transform common plastic litter—not only thicker acrylics and bottles but also grocery bags and wrappers—into a partial substitute for bitumen in asphalt.

In recent years his method has been gaining recognition. He’s become known as Plastic Man and travels throughout India instructing engineers how to apply it. The college holds a patent for his technique but often licenses it for free. To date, more than 5,000 kilometers (3,000 miles) of plastic roads have been laid in at least 11 states. The Central Pollution Control Board and the Indian Roads Congress, two leading government bodies, have endorsed the method.

via India’s ‘Plastic Man’ Chemist Turns Litter Into Paved Roads – Businessweek.

11/07/2014

Flipkart Fights to Keep India E-Commerce Lead Over Amazon – Businessweek

In 2007, when Indian software engineers Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal were starting their online bookstore Flipkart.com out of a two-bedroom apartment, they faced a challenge Amazon.com (AMZN) founder Jeff Bezos never had: how to collect payment. At first the two, who aren’t related, accepted credit cards, but because few Indians use them, they needed a way to conduct e-commerce in cash. Payment-on-delivery was the obvious solution, but Flipkart didn’t want third-party couriers to carry large quantities of its money. So in 2010 the company decided to remake itself as a version of both Amazon and United Parcel Service (UPS).

A courier for Flipkart finishes loading his backpack as he prepares to deliver packages at a distribution hub in Bangalore

Becoming a delivery service brought a slew of infrastructure problems. India has no standardized street address system, and road conditions are rough. Often a building name, street, and series of landmarks are needed to locate a house. And customers have to be home to receive a package. “You cannot leave anything outside the door, because it will just disappear,” says Ashok Banerjee, Flipkart’s former vice president for logistics, now chief technology officer for e-business at Symantec (SYMC) in California.

The entrepreneurs looked at distribution as a technology problem. “The advantage we had was we were not a logistics company trying to do e-commerce,” says Mekin Maheshwari, head of human resources. “Because we were creating the systems completely in-house, we could actually solve it.” With venture funding from Tiger Global Management, Flipkart’s engineers developed systems to determine the best warehouse locations; it has six across the country. It alerts customers by text several hours before a scheduled delivery and has a lab dedicated to improving the final stage of deliveries, from local warehouses to buyers.

via Flipkart Fights to Keep India E-Commerce Lead Over Amazon – Businessweek.

11/07/2014

India to Spend $2.2 Billion on Water Supplies, Ganges – Businessweek

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s new government today pledged 131 billion rupees ($2.2 billion) in spending on water projects to improve supplies and the condition of the Ganges, India’s largest river.

Ganges .. India

Ganges .. India (Photo credit: Nick Kenrick .)

Asia’s third-biggest economy will develop watersheds, build more pumping stations and start to clean the Ganga, blighted by raw sewage along much of its 2,525-kilometer (1,570-mile) route, as India endures a year of “unpredictable” monsoons, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley said.

The government will use 36 billion rupees to improve drinking supplies for about 20,000 villages and small towns affected by arsenic and fluoride contamination, Jaitley told Parliament in the minister’s annual budget speech. About 21.42 billion rupees will be spent on watershed development and 20.37 billion rupees on Ganga upgrades. About 42 billion rupees will go to developing inland waterways in the plan.

via India to Spend $2.2 Billion on Water Supplies, Ganges – Businessweek.

11/07/2014

China’s Patriotic Red Tourism Makes a Comeback – Businessweek

Ear-splitting explosions go off and plumes of gray smoke drift over the arid Shaanxi countryside of northwestern China. Ragtag Communist soldiers in blue uniforms fire their rifles at an advancing Nationalist tank while villagers run for cover. Finally, justice prevails; the red flag of the Chinese Communist Party is held proudly aloft while peasants dance in celebration.

A reenactment of the “Defense of Yan’an”

It’s a scene repeated every day at 11 a.m. as 350 actors reenact the “Defense of Yan’an,” a famous battle against the Nationalist forces of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek that was crucial to the founding of the People’s Republic in 1949. “By coming here we can understand how the party sacrificed, created the new China, and built such a beautiful country for us,” says 13-year-old Deng Yi, visiting from Wenzhou, who along with his mother and father, each shelled out 150 yuan ($24) to watch the show.

That’s what China’s leaders want to hear as they expand “red tourism” in more than 100 sites across China. Their goal: to boost patriotism and support for the Chinese Communist Party. “We need to seize these two concepts—red bases and patriotic education on the one hand and developing red tourism on the other,” said President Xi Jinping in March.

Red tourism is not new to China. Millions flocked to red sites including Mao Zedong’s birthplace in Shaoshan, Hunan province, during the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976. Visits to revolutionary locales spiked in 2011, as China prepared to celebrate the party’s 90th anniversary. If China’s leaders have their way, red tourism will have a massive renaissance. Already last year, 786 million tourists visited revolutionary sites, up 17.3 percent from the previous year, generating 198.6 billion yuan ($32 billion) in revenue, up 19.1 percent, according to the National Tourism Administration.

“We need to seize these two concepts—red bases and patriotic education on the one hand and developing red tourism on the other.”—President Xi

One of the most popular is Yan’an, the “cradle of the revolution” where Mao, General Zhu De, and other revolutionaries spent more than a decade living in caves starting in 1936. It’s also where President Xi, while a teenager, spent seven years among the peasants during the Cultural Revolution. Jinggangshan, in Jiangxi province, where the rebels hid out in the late 1920s and early 1930s, and Zunyi, in Guizhou province, a key stop on the Long March, are also top destinations.

To prepare for the onslaught of photo-snapping fellow travelers, China’s Ministry of Civil Affairs last year spent 2.8 billion yuan on constructing memorials, while the state bureau in charge of cultural relics earmarked 487 million yuan for renovating red sites. Another 1.5 billion yuan was spent on 66 “red tourism highways” across the country.

“We hope to teach the next generation about what happened before,” says Hong Jiasheng, chairman of Yan’an Shengdian Red Tourism Development, which is run jointly with the local government and draws 500,000 tourists annually. An entrepreneur from Zhejiang province, Hong launched on July 6 a similar show in Fushun, Liaoning province, reenacting an important 1948 battle.

The push to develop red tourism is part of a larger campaign launched in December to instill citizens with what Xi calls core socialist values aimed at realizing the “Chinese Dream.” Those include patriotism, dedication, civility, and harmony. The values campaign will expand patriotic education in primary and middle schools, with university students encouraged to go on organized weeklong summer visits to red sites. Since China’s opening to the world, “Chinese have embraced diversified thoughts, including the decayed, outdated ideals of mammonism and extreme individualism,” the People’s Daily said in a February editorial.

via China’s Patriotic Red Tourism Makes a Comeback – Businessweek.

09/07/2014

China signs deal to purchase 123 Airbus helicopters | Reuters

Airbus Group NV’s (AIR.PA) helicopter division sealed a $600 million deal on Monday to sell 123 helicopters to Chinese companies during a visit by German Chancellor Angela Merkel.

The logo of Airbus Group, Europe's largest aerospace group, is pictured in front of the company headquarters building in Ottobrunn, near Munich February 26, 2014.  REUTERS/Michaela Rehle

The orders, including both light single-engine helicopters from Airbus Helicopters’ Ecureuil family and the light twin-engine EC135, are being placed by three Chinese general aviation service providers, the company said.

The deal is among the biggest since China recently relaxed restrictions on low-altitude flying in its mainly military-controlled airspace.

The easing of controls has fueled projections of a sharp increase of orders to fill a gap in one of the world’s major untapped markets for helicopters and general aviation.

“We think these first sizeable contracts are signals that this market is starting to take off,” said Guillaume Faury, chief executive of Airbus Helicopters.

“Today there are 350 civil helicopters flying in China. In Europe there are 10,0000 and in the U.S. there are 12,000. Therefore the market potential for helicopters in China is huge,” he said in a telephone interview.

China currently buys about 50 helicopters a year out of an annual global market for 800 civilian helicopters, according to estimates by Airbus Helicopters, formerly known as Eurocopter.

By 2020, its purchases are expected to quadruple to 200 a year and by then, instead of 6-7 percent of the global market, it is expected to make up 20 percent of demand, Faury said.

via China signs deal to purchase 123 Airbus helicopters | Reuters.

09/07/2014

World Review | China and India ignore border tensions to forge economic ties

CHINA and India have been attempting to ‘reset’ their bilateral relationship for years.

China and India ignore border tensions to forge economic ties

While the countries stand to gain much from improved cooperation, political animosity and territorial disputes dating back to the 1962 Sino-Indian Border Conflict have undermined progress, writes World Review guest expert Vaughan Winterbottom.

But just weeks after India’s newly-elected Prime Minister Narendra Modi took office, he has set in place plans to forge closer ties with neighbouring China.

This indicates that decades of cool relations may thaw between the world’s two most populated nations and realise Mr Modi’s election promises of reviving a flagging economy.

Early signs, however, indicate that New Delhi will continue its hard-line approach to territorial disputes with China.

Both countries are keen to separate business and politics and, as they pursue different agendas for diversifying their economies, bilateral trade may grow significantly.

In the 1950s, Beijing and New Delhi positioned themselves as leaders of the developing world. They jointly penned the ‘Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence’ in 1954, a set of lofty doctrines which the two countries’ leaders saw as guiding post-colonial diplomacy.

But in 1962, the neighbours engaged in a fierce, month-long conflict over disputed mountain borders drawn by the British. China came to administer Aksai Chin, which India claims as part of Jammu and Kashmir, while India held Arunachal Pradesh, which China asserts is a region of Southern Tibet.

The 1962 war has had a profound impact on subsequent Sino-Indian ties.

India remembers it as a national humiliation, and has been suspicious of Chinese strategic intentions ever since.

For China, the war is less significant to the national psyche, though India’s continuing to host the Tibetan government in exile is viewed as interfering in Beijing’s internal affairs.

Skirmishes along the Line of Actual Control, a de facto border negotiated by the two countries in 1993 and 1996, continue to this day.

Despite tensions, hopes for a cooperative relationship remain. The two countries inaugurated a ‘Year of Friendship’ in January 2014, and proposed initiatives to boost economic, cultural and people-to-people links.

This year also marks the 60th anniversary of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. Beijing held a conference in June 2014 to mark the occasion. Both Chinese President Xi Jinping and Indian President Shri Pranab Mukherjee attended. They spoke of the importance of the Principles – and completely ignored the territorial disputes.

Beijing responded enthusiastically to the electoral victory of Narendra Modi in May 2014. However, old sticking points remain: just days before the Five Principles anniversary conference, four Chinese People’s Liberation Army speedboats crossed into the Indian-controlled side of Pangong Lake in Jammu and Kashmir. The boats were pushed back by Indian troops.

On the day of the anniversary conference, China published a new map which shows Arunachal Pradesh as Chinese territory and a large area of Jammu and Kashmir as part of China.

Even assuming these incidents are aberrations on the path to closer ties, early signs from Mr Modi do not suggest a China-policy rethink.

Mr Modi told a rally in Arunachal Pradesh in February 2014, ‘China should give up its expansionist attitude and adopt a development mindset… No power on earth can take away even an inch from India.’

Mr Modi’s National Democratic Alliance plans to spend US$830 million to settle areas close to the contested border in Arunachal Pradesh were announced on June 20. The region’s governor, Nirbhay Sharma, said that without greater settlement along the border, ‘a gradual assimilation of our area by China is on the cards’.

Given Mr Modi’s record of support for India’s territorial claims and his openly nationalistic politics, a Sino-Indian rapprochement is unlikely.

However, Mr Modi has presented himself as a pro-business leader keen to reform India’s stagflating economy.

On this point, he may find common ground with Beijing, which is no stranger to separating economics from politics in its dealings with foreign governments.

Mr Modi has already outlined a vision to turn India into a knowledge-based society with a large service sector.

A positive sign for future economic cooperation between India and China emerged at the end of June 2014 when Mr Modi’s cabinet approved a plan to set up Chinese industrial parks in five Indian states.

In the long run pharmaceuticals, IT, medical equipment and tourism may hold greater promise as export stalwarts.

As China’s economy edges up the value chain, India could move in to pick up the labour-intensive manufacturing slack. Doing so would require tackling India’s bloated bureaucracy, corruption and vested interests in order to free up land and labour. The task defeated former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.

via World Review | China and India ignore border tensions to forge economic ties.

08/07/2014

China to prepare for aging society – China – Chinadaily.com.cn

Ten ministerial-level departments, including the ministries of civil affairs and education, on Monday jointly released a circular calling for the country to prepare for the coming aging society.

Old Couple

Old Couple (Photo credit: AdamCohn)

The circular stressed the importance of building an elder-friendly society as the percentage of the senior population is rising quickly.

China’s aging citizens reached 200 million at the end of 2013 and will account for more than 30 percent of the country’s total population by 2042, according to the circular.

Government agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should carry out more voluntary services for the elderly and encourage the young generation to be more aware of seniors’ needs and concerns.

The circular also called for accelerating development of industries serving the demands and convenience of the elderly, such as nursing homes and adult education classes, the circular said.

Elderly citizens should not be regarded as burdens but valuable human resources for the sustainable growth of the economy, according to the circular.

The public sector will encourage the elderly to participate in various social activities, such as teaching in schools or helping with scientific research, in order to give them a sense of satisfaction while also promoting social harmony and the economy.

The circular also emphasized establishment of a national elderly care system, strengthening social security for the elderly and improving laws that protect the rights and interests of senior citizens.

via China to prepare for aging society – China – Chinadaily.com.cn.

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