Archive for ‘Culture’

11/07/2013

China stone axes ‘display ancient writing’

BBC: “Fragments of two ancient stone axes found in China could display some of the world’s earliest primitive writing, Chinese archaeologists say.

In this undated photo, markings etched on an unearthed piece of a stone axe are seen near Zhuangqiao grave relic, in Pinghu, in eastern China's Zhejiang province

The markings on the axes, unearthed near Shanghai, could date back at least 5,000 years, the scientists say.

But Chinese scholars are divided on whether the markings are proper writing or a less sophisticated stream of symbols.

The world’s oldest writing is thought to be from Mesopotamia from 3,300 BC.

The stone fragments are part of a large trove of artefacts discovered between 2003 and 2006 at a site just south of Shanghai, says the BBC’s Celia Hatton in Beijing.

But it has taken years for archaeologists to examine their discoveries and release their findings, our correspondent adds.

The findings have not been reviewed by experts outside China, reports say.

“The main thing is that there are six symbols arranged together and three of them are the same,” lead archaeologist Xu Xinmin told local reporters, referring to markings on one of the pieces.

“This clearly is a sentence expressing some kind of meaning”.

Cao Jinyan, a well-known scholar on ancient writing, also told local media that the markings could be an early form of writing.

“Although we cannot yet accurately read the meaning of the ‘words’ carved on the stone axes, we can be certain that they belong to the category of words, even if they are somewhat primitive,” he said.

Some scholars, however, remain unconvinced. Archaeologist Liu Zhao from Fudan University in Shanghai told the Associated Press news agency they “do not have enough material” to make conclusions.

If proven, the stone axes will be older than the earliest proven Chinese writing found on animal bones, which dates back 3,300 years.”

via BBC News – China stone axes ‘display ancient writing’.

See also: https://chindia-alert.org/historical-perspectives/4000-years-records/

10/07/2013

China Absent From Transparency International’s Global Corruption Report

WSJ: “How bad is corruption in China? Don’t ask.

That’s the answer Transparency International says it got from Chinese market research firms as it conducted a survey on the topic.

“We approached a number of different local survey companies, but they did not feel that it would be possible to implement a survey of this nature in China without omitting many of the questions,” a spokeswoman for the Berlin-based group said in an email response to questions.

On Tuesday, Transparency International published a report it had been touting in recent weeks as the “biggest-ever public opinion survey on corruption.”

Yet despite the breadth of its research – 114,000 people surveyed in 107 countries – Transparency International doesn’t mention China once in its 48-page Global Corruption Barometer 2013. A pull-down tab of country reports on the organization’s website skips from Chile to Colombia.

“It’s true that China is clearly the main omission in terms of the survey’s country coverage, but we still firmly believe the Global Corruption Barometer’s overall messages and results are globally relevant,” the spokeswoman said. “Every time we do this research we seek to find ways to include China, but it remains a huge challenge.”

Corruption is a common topic of discussion in China.

Communist Party leaders have regularly said official corruption is the biggest threat to the leadership’s legitimacy. In March, just hours into his presidency, Xi Jinping urged his new team to “reject formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance, and resolutely fight against corruption and other misconduct.”

Market researchers say corruption is too sensitive to probe in significant depth, given China’s controls on all forms of domestic media.

Last October, the Pew Research Center said half the Chinese people answering one of its surveys said corrupt officials are a major problem.

Pew said it hired a Beijing firm, Horizon Consultancy Group, to ask dozens of attitude questions related to society and politics including, “Tell me if you think it is a very big problem, a moderately big problem, a small problem or not a problem at all: Corrupt business people.”

Transparency International’s approach is more blunt: it says it starts with the assumption that corruption exists everywhere.

For its Global Corruption Barometer report, Transparency International used a multi-question survey focused only on bribery, malfeasance and influence peddling. Its surveyors around the world began with the pointed query, “Over the past two years, how has the level of corruption in this country changed?”

One measure of China’s corruption is the outsider’s view. Based on that measure, China ranked 80th out of 174 countries in an index of corruption perception published by Transparency International last year.”

via China Absent From Transparency International’s Global Corruption Report – China Real Time Report – WSJ.

29/06/2013

Chinese Official Sentenced to 13 Years in Sex Scandal That Was Exposed on Internet

NY Times: “Lei Zhengfu, a Chinese official who became a symbol of corruption, was convicted of taking bribes and sentenced to 13 years in prison on Friday in a scandal that exposed the sordid deal-making in Communist Party politics.

The conviction of Mr. Lei was the culmination of a fall that began when video images spread on the Internet in November showing him with an 18-year-old woman. The images, and ensuing accusations of graft and extortion, made him a much-mocked exhibit in the newly appointed Communist Party leadership’s efforts to persuade citizens that it was stamping out official graft and depravity, which have stoked deepening public ire.

Mr. Lei was sentenced days after President Xi Jinping made a new call to halt bureaucratic corruption and bribe-taking. A court in Chongqing, the municipality in southwest China where Mr. Lei once worked, dismissed his argument that a payoff of $488,000, or 3 million renminbi, he had arranged through an associate was a legitimate loan, not hush money to keep secret the video showing him with the young woman.

The court said the money amounted to a bribe.

“The sums involved were massive, and the effects were malign,” said the verdict read to Mr. Lei in the courtroom, according to Xinhua, China’s state-run news agency. “This should be sternly punished according to the law.”

China’s leaders have vowed to get rid of corrupt officials, however low or high. Before his dismissal in November, Mr. Lei was the party secretary of Beibei, a district of Chongqing. Critics said the spectacle of his trial did not make up for Mr. Xi’s failure thus far to take down senior officials, despite widespread speculation about corruption investigations in the government and the military involving powerful figures and large amounts of money.”

via Chinese Official Sentenced to 13 Years in Sex Scandal That Was Exposed on Internet – NYTimes.com.

28/06/2013

Exposure via internet now China’s top weapon in war on graft

SCMP: “The internet has become the primary tool for exposing corruption on the mainland, “removing a corrupt official with the click of a mouse”, according to a leading think tank’s analysis.

internet_pek06_35887719.jpg

In its Blue Book of New Media, researchers from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) said that 156 corruption cases between 2010 and last year were first brought to light online – compared with 78 cases to resulting from reports in traditional media.

Forty-four cases involving disciplinary violations were first exposed in some form online, while 29 cases followed print and broadcast stories. Sixteen cases citing abuses of power were exposed online; 10 were revealed in traditional media.

Among the latest officials to fall from grace thanks to online revelations was Liu Tienan , a former deputy chief of the National Development and Reform Commission.

Liu was sacked in mid-May, more than five months after an editor of the influential Caijing magazine used his microblog account to expose allegations against him.

The report said revelations online, and the rise in interest in public affairs the internet had engendered, were the main reasons more people were participating in anti-corruption efforts.

However, the report cautioned that such efforts still had a long way to go. Only five officials of above departmental rank were brought down via online exposures last year – just a fraction of the 950 officials of that level who were probed for crimes.

The mainland had 564 million internet users at the end of last year, including 309 million microbloggers, according to the China Internet Network Information Centre. The Blue Book said the online community would likely exceed 600 million this year.

The new-media boom has posed an unprecedented challenge to Communist Party rulers, experts warned, due to the easy spread of information, including rumours. The report blamed the online rumour mill on governments’ declining credibility and growing concern on the part of the public.”

via Exposure via internet now China’s top weapon in war on graft | South China Morning Post.

See also: https://chindia-alert.org/2012/04/26/understanding-social-media-in-china/

18/06/2013

Getting China’s Tower of Babel on Record

WSJ: “Michael Wu, 20, a student at Peking University, grew up in Shanghai. But when he wants to talk to his cousins in Hainan, he needs to bring his mother along to interpret the conversation.

Map_of_sinitic_dialect_-_English_version.svg

The cousins in Hainan speak two kinds of Hainan dialect. “I actually cannot understand either of them,” Wu says. “It’s actually not much good for me to [try to] communicate with them.”

In China, that’s a common problem: The differences in dialects are so vast they amount to different languages—possibly more than 3,000 variations, according to some estimates. It’s one of the reasons that standard Beijing Mandarin has become the lingua franca of schools, businesses and government in China. But that uniformity comes at a cost: the rapid loss of many of these dialects.

Now two Americans have taken on a daunting task: trying to get an audio record of all of the thousands of China’s languages and dialects before they disappear.

Linguists Steve Hansen and Kellen Parker are enlisting volunteers to canvass the country to capture both the languages and the stories of all of China’s 2,862 counties and 34 provincial areas. Phonemica, founded last year, now has about 200 Chinese and Chinese-speaking foreign volunteers lined up to record their friends, parents and grandparents, telling a story in fangyan (regional speech).

“The idea is that we want to record it all,” says Mr. Hansen. “And the only way to do this is through a crowd-sourced approach. We’re trying to get people involved who will go to their hometowns and record friends and relatives.”

“It is absolutely unique,” said Victor Mair, a professor of Chinese language and literature at the University of Pennsylvania, by email. “No one else is attempting to do this for Sinitic” (the languages of China).

Phonemica is nearly out of time. Scholars say that a few generations from now, all of China will speak as a first language standard Mandarin, the Beijing dialect that is taught in schools and used by new migrants to cities as well as businesspeople in every province.

Richard VanNess Simmons, a Rutgers professor of Chinese, says that as China’s economy has taken off over the past 20 years, “Mandarin has become the language that gets you somewhere and the language that parents want their kids to learn.” Even parents who speak regional dialects prefer that their children speak Mandarin at home.

“It’s happening so fast it’s almost too fast to document,” he says.

The Chinese government also has taken on the task of recording the country’s dialects, but its Chinese Language Resource Audio Database (中国语言资源有声数据) is still in the “fieldwork” stage, says Mr. Simmons, and “no results have yet been published as far as I know.””

via Getting China’s Tower of Babel on Record – China Real Time Report – WSJ.

01/06/2013

Anna Hazare concludes second phase of Jantantra Yatra

Times of India: “Anti-corruption activist Anna Hazare today concluded the second phase of his Jantantra Yatra here, asking people to “wake up” to change a system where power has gone into the hands of “tainted” people.

English: Hon. Anna Hazare in Nanded , Maharastra .

English: Hon. Anna Hazare in Nanded , Maharastra . (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

“As many as 163 of our MPs are tainted. This means that the system is corrupt and needs to be changes,” Hazare said, adding, he will launch a major campaign from Delhi’s Ramlila Maidan very soon.

He asked people to realise that they hold the key in a democratic setup, and they should bring about amendments to it by voting judiciously for “right individuals”.

Hazare was addressing the last public meeting of the second phase of his campaign, ahead of next year’s Lok Sabha polls.

He asked the youths to come forward and associated themselves with his campaign.

Hazare said he lives the life of an ascetic and recalling an incident, he claimed “once some corrupt people hired contract killers to eliminate me, but they refused, saying they cannot kill a ‘fakir'”.

He said he was grateful to people of Uttarakhand for “showering their love” on him during his campaign.

In his campaign, Hazare covered nearly 50 villages and held public meetings at a number of places including Rishikesh, from where he launched his second phase, Haridwar, Nainital and Haldwani, before concluding it here.”

via Anna Hazare concludes second phase of Jantantra Yatra – The Times of India.

See also:

29/05/2013

China’s spurned mistresses can’t be relied on to bust graft

(Reuters) – “China must not rely on whistle-blowing mistresses to expose corrupt officials, China’s top newspaper said on Wednesday, after a string of such incidents has led to some people hailing the girlfriends as graft-busters.

Liu Tienan, then deputy chairman of China's National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), attends a news conference in Beijing in this February 27, 2009 file photograph. REUTERS/Stringer/Files

President Xi Jinping has singled out corruption as a threat to the Communist Party’s survival, and the keeping of mistresses in lavish apartments, which breaks party rules, has come to represent to many people the excesses of power in China.

In a recent high-profile case, Liu Tienan, once the deputy chief of China’s top planning agency, was sacked after his mistress told a journalist that Liu had helped defraud banks of $200 million, state media reported.

But the People’s Daily, the ruling Communist Party’s official newspaper, questioned the woman’s motives and said China could not rely on such people to fight corruption.”

via China’s spurned mistresses can’t be relied on to bust graft: paper | Reuters.

27/05/2013

* China parents apologise after teen’s Egypt graffiti exposed

BBC: “The parents of a Chinese teenager exposed and condemned by internet users for vandalising ancient Egyptian artwork have apologised, reports say.

This photo taken at the Luxor Temple in Egypt on 6 May 2013 shows graffiti reportedly from a Chinese tourist

On Friday a micro-blogger posted a photo of graffiti at a temple complex in Luxor, Egypt, which said: “Ding Jinhao was here”.

Angry internet users then managed to identify the teen, posting his date of birth and school online, reports said.

His mother told a local paper they were sorry for his actions.

Luxor is home to a large temple complex, located on the bank of the Nile River, believed to be some 3,500 years old.”

via BBC News – China parents apologise after teen’s Egypt graffiti exposed.

See also: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-22573572

15/05/2013

* After ATM heist, India’s IT sector again in unwelcome spotlight

Reuters: “A breach of security at two payment card processing companies in India that led to heists at cash machines around the world has reopened questions on the risks of outsourcing sensitive financial services to the Asian nation.

The EnStage Inc. office is seen in the southern Indian city of Bangalore in this May 12, 2013 file photo. REUTERS/Stringer/Files

Global banks that ship work to be processed in India, either in-house or to big IT services vendors, were already under pressure to step up oversight of back-office functions after a series of scandals last year.

Last week, U.S. prosecutors said a global criminal gang stole $45 million from two Middle Eastern banks by breaking into the two card processing companies based in India and raising the balances and withdrawal limits.

“India is exposed in two ways: The threat that the same theft could happen in India and the fact that the outsourcing industry will also get affected,” said Arpinder Singh, partner and national director for fraud investigation and dispute services at consultancy Ernst & Young.

The episode is reopening debate on banks sending work requiring a high degree of confidentiality to offshore locations.

“It is the weakest link,” said Shane Shook, an expert with U.S. cyber-security firm Cylance Inc who has helped financial firms conduct investigations into some major cyber crimes.

“I think the lesson is they need to pull back on what they’ve outsourced. When you’re giving a third party, the outsourced entity, the ability to access credit limits or cash limits of the consumers you’re managing the finances for, you’re giving up control that is your fundamental responsibility.”

India’s $108 billion IT services industry is the world’s favored destination for outsourcing. Over 40 percent of exports by the industry are support services for the global financial sector, ranging from investment bank back-office functions to research, risk-management and processing of insurance claims.”

via After ATM heist, India’s IT sector again in unwelcome spotlight | Reuters.

11/05/2013

* India Congress ministers quit amid scandals

BBC: “Two Indian ministers have resigned in one day over links with corruption claims, plunging the Congress party into crisis.

Former Indian Railway Minister Pawan Kumar Bansal and former  Law Minister Ashwani KumarRailway Minister Pawan Kumar Bansal and Law Minister Ashwani Kumar resigned in separate incidents.Mr Bansal quit after police arrested his nephew for bribery, and Mr Kumar stepped down amid claims he influenced a report into the coal industry.Reports suggest Congress leaders are holding crisis meetings.The coalition government has been beset by corruption scandals recently.Mr Bansal called for a police investigation into the bribery allegations.”I have always observed the highest standard of probity in public life,” he told local media.”

via BBC News – India Congress ministers quit amid scandals.

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