Posts tagged ‘China’

12/07/2013

Austerity threatens to take gloss off China’s national games

I wonder if the government’s austerity drive and the anti-corruption drive is contributing to the slow down in spending and exacerbating the slowdown in the economy?

FT: “Fireworks are out and frugality is in at China’s national games after the organising committee rushed to comply with edicts requiring officials across the country to tighten their belts as the economy slows.

A football match is held inside the Shenyang Olympic Sports Centre Stadium, one of the five football venues of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, in Shenyang...A football match is held inside the Shenyang Olympic Sports Centre Stadium, one of the five football venues of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, in Shenyang, capital of northeast China's Liaoning province August 1, 2007. Picture taken August 1, 2007. REUTERS/Stringer (CHINA) - RTR1SG8T

The austere sporting championships, which start at the end of August in the northeastern province of Liaoning, will contrast with China’s lavish spending on major events from the Beijing Olympics in 2008 to the world expo in Shanghai in 2010 when the economy was growing at a double-digit pace.

Now, with growth dipping towards 7.5 per cent and Xi Jinping, the new president, railing against ostentatious displays of wealth, the organisers of the Liaoning games – China’s national equivalent of the Olympics – have gone out of their way to highlight their cost-saving measures.

The funding for the games, held every four years and the largest national sporting event in the country, has been cut by 78 per cent from the original budget to Rmb800m ($130m), with fewer new competition venues and less spending on entertainment than initially planned, they announced.

The opening ceremonies will be held during the day to reduce the need for lighting, the first time since 1987 that they have not been at night. The organisers also vowed not to use fireworks, departing with the tradition of bombastic pyrotechnic displays at the start of Chinese sporting events.

“For the opening and closing ceremonies, stadium construction, the torch relay and all other segments of the national games, we strive to create, hopefully, a fresh fashion of organising big events in a thrifty manner,” said He Min, deputy director of the organising committee.

Along with cancelling a series of conferences and exhibitions on the sidelines of the games, the number of invited foreign guests has also been reduced by half. Those foreigners who do make the guest list will have to endure relative privation. There will be “neither welcome banquets nor souvenirs for them”, the official Xinhua news agency reported.

The shift to austerity falls in line with a tone set by Mr Xi since his first days in office late last year as head of the Communist party. He banned flower displays at official events and ordered that banquets should be pared back, demanding that government spending should be less wasteful.

These demands have intensified in recent months as the Chinese economy has slowed and after Mr Xi launched a new campaign against “hedonism and extravagance” among other ills.

The finance ministry this week ordered all units of the central government to reduce general expenditures such as car purchases and overseas travel.”

via Austerity threatens to take gloss off China’s national games – FT.com.

11/07/2013

China plans world’s longest sea tunnel at $42 billion

Reuters: “China will invest 260 billion yuan, or about $42 billion, to revive a long-stalled plan to build the world’s longest undersea tunnel across the Bohai Strait linking the country’s eastern and northeastern regions, state media said on Thursday.

The 123-km (76.4-mile) tunnel will run from the port city of Dalian in northeastern Liaoning province to Yantai city in eastern Shandong, the China Economic Net website said.

The report did not say when the project will be completed.

China announced plans in 1994 to build the tunnel, at a cost of $10 billion, and set to be completed before 2010. But more than 20 years on, the project remains stuck in the planning stage, the website said, without elaborating.

At the time, state media said the tunnel would shorten the travelling distance between the two regions by 620 miles.

The costs could be recouped in 12 years, said Wang Mengshu, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, who estimated annual revenues from the tunnel at around 20 billion yuan, the website said. “Freight is very profitable,” Wang said.”

via China plans world’s longest sea tunnel at $42 billion -report | Reuters.

See alsohttps://chindia-alert.org/economic-factors/chinas-infrastructure/

11/07/2013

China stone axes ‘display ancient writing’

BBC: “Fragments of two ancient stone axes found in China could display some of the world’s earliest primitive writing, Chinese archaeologists say.

In this undated photo, markings etched on an unearthed piece of a stone axe are seen near Zhuangqiao grave relic, in Pinghu, in eastern China's Zhejiang province

The markings on the axes, unearthed near Shanghai, could date back at least 5,000 years, the scientists say.

But Chinese scholars are divided on whether the markings are proper writing or a less sophisticated stream of symbols.

The world’s oldest writing is thought to be from Mesopotamia from 3,300 BC.

The stone fragments are part of a large trove of artefacts discovered between 2003 and 2006 at a site just south of Shanghai, says the BBC’s Celia Hatton in Beijing.

But it has taken years for archaeologists to examine their discoveries and release their findings, our correspondent adds.

The findings have not been reviewed by experts outside China, reports say.

“The main thing is that there are six symbols arranged together and three of them are the same,” lead archaeologist Xu Xinmin told local reporters, referring to markings on one of the pieces.

“This clearly is a sentence expressing some kind of meaning”.

Cao Jinyan, a well-known scholar on ancient writing, also told local media that the markings could be an early form of writing.

“Although we cannot yet accurately read the meaning of the ‘words’ carved on the stone axes, we can be certain that they belong to the category of words, even if they are somewhat primitive,” he said.

Some scholars, however, remain unconvinced. Archaeologist Liu Zhao from Fudan University in Shanghai told the Associated Press news agency they “do not have enough material” to make conclusions.

If proven, the stone axes will be older than the earliest proven Chinese writing found on animal bones, which dates back 3,300 years.”

via BBC News – China stone axes ‘display ancient writing’.

See also: https://chindia-alert.org/historical-perspectives/4000-years-records/

10/07/2013

* Minimum wage per month for selected countries

Minimum wage per month for selected countries in US dollars

China                     $138

Cambodia            $75

Indonesia            $71

Vietnam               $67

India                      $65

Bangladesh         $38

Source: US State Department/The Wall Street Journal May 2013

See also:

10/07/2013

China’s reliance on coal reduces life expectancy by 5.5 years, says study

The Guardian: “Air pollution causes people in northern China to live an average of 5.5 years shorter than their southern counterparts, according to a study released on Monday which claims to show in unprecedented detail the link between air pollution and life expectancy.

Air Pollution Attacks Beijing Again : A tourist looks at the Forbidden City as PM25 covers

High levels of air pollution in northern China – much of it caused by an over-reliance on burning coal for heat – will cause 500 million people to lose an aggregate 2.5 billion years from their lives, the authors predict in the study, published in the journal the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The geographic disparity can be traced back to China’s Huai River policy which, since it was implemented between 1950 and 1980, has granted free wintertime heating to people living north of the Huai river, a widely-acknowledged dividing line between northern and southern China. Much of that heating comes from the combustion of coal, significantly impacting the region’s air quality.

“Using data covering an unusually long timespan – from 1981 through 2000 – the researchers found that air pollution … was about 55% higher north of the river than south of it,” the MIT Energy Initiative said in a statement.

“Linking the Chinese pollution data to mortality statistics from 1991 to 2000, the researchers found a sharp difference in mortality rates on either side of the border formed by the Huai River. They also found the variation to be attributable to cardiorespiratory illness, and not to other causes of death.”

The researchers, based in Israel, Beijing, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, gauged the region’s air quality according to the established metric of “total suspended particulates (TSP),” representing the concentration of certain airborne particles per cubic meter of air.

The study concluded that long-term exposure to air containing 100 micrograms of TSP per cubic meter “is associated with a reduction in life expectancy at birth of about 3.0 years.””

via China’s reliance on coal reduces life expectancy by 5.5 years, says study | Environment | The Guardian.

10/07/2013

Returning students: Plight of the sea turtles

The Economist: ““I LEFT in 1980 with only three dollars in my pocket,” recalls Li Sanqi. He was one of the first allowed to study overseas after the dark days of the Cultural Revolution. Like most in that elite group, he excelled, rising to a coveted position at the University of Texas, while launching several technology firms. Now he is a senior executive at Huawei, a Chinese telecoms giant, enticed back by the chance to help build a world-class multinational.

Mr Li seems the perfect example of a sea turtle, or hai gui (in Mandarin, the phrase “return across the sea” sounds similar to that animal’s name), long applauded in China for bringing back advanced skills. In the past such folk reliably reaped handsome premiums in the local job market, but no longer. Sea turtles are not universally praised, the wage differential is shrinking and some are even unable to find jobs. Wags say they should now be called hai dai, or seaweed. This is a startling turn, given their past contributions.

Wang Huiyao of the China Western Returned Scholars Association, which celebrates its centenary this year, observes that sea turtles have returned in five waves. The first, in the 19th century, produced China’s first railway-builder and its first university president. The second and third, before 1949, produced many leaders of the Nationalist and Communist parties. The fourth wave, which went to the Soviet bloc in the 1950s, produced such leaders as Jiang Zemin and Li Peng.

The present wave began in 1978, and is by far the biggest. Since then, about 2.6m Chinese have gone abroad to study. The exodus has grown of late to about 400,000 per year. The majority stay overseas, but the 1.1m who have come back have made a difference. Mr Wang argues that whereas the first three waves revolutionised China and the fourth modernised it, the fifth wave is globalising the country.

Sea turtles are helping to link China’s economy to the world. They founded leading technology firms such as Baidu. Many are senior managers in the local divisions of multinational firms. They are helping to connect China to commercial, political and popular culture abroad.

Why then is their importance declining? Several studies show that sea turtles on average must now wait longer to find a less senior post at a smaller salary premium over local hires. The weakening job market for all graduates is one reason. Another is that, as China’s domestic market has taken off, industries such as e-commerce have evolved in ways unfamiliar to those who spent years abroad. Gary Rieschel of Qiming Ventures, a venture-capital firm, says that investors who a decade ago would have funded only those returning from Silicon Valley are now backing entrepreneurs from local universities, who are more familiar with local consumption patterns, computer-gaming habits and social media such as Weibo and Weixin.

As China has boomed, its managers have started to shed their inferiority complex. A senior executive at Tencent, a Chinese social-media giant, says he still poaches sea turtles from foreign firms, but finds they have difficulty managing local engineers. A European investment banker says turtles often cling to quaint Western notions like transparency, meritocracy and ethics, which puts them at a disadvantage in China’s hyper-Darwinian economy, where locals are more willing to do whatever the boss or client wants.

Even foreign firms in China are getting pickier about whom they hire. Yannig Gourmelon of Roland Berger, a German management consultancy, believes the broader profit squeeze at multinational firms that killed off gilded expatriate packages has also sharply reduced the salary premium offered to sea turtles.”

via Returning students: Plight of the sea turtles | The Economist.

See also:

10/07/2013

The Risky Business of Retirement in China

BusinessWeek: “It’s not surprising that China’s roller-coaster stock markets have earned scant investor confidence. On Tuesday, the respected Beijing financial magazine Caijing reported on a survey of 9,282 investors in Chinese stock markets. Over the lifetime of their investments, just 16 percent had seen net earnings of more than 10 percent; 70 percent had seen losses of more than 10 percent.

An investor watches the electronic board at a stock exchange hall on June 24, 2013 in Huaibei, China

The performance of the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange often seems bizarrely detached from national economic performance. Since the beginning of the year, the Shanghai Shenzhen 300 Index—an index of leading stocks on the two exchanges—is down 11.3 percent. Even the famed British money manager Anthony Bolton lost money when he came to China. Bolton, who managed Fidelity International Special Situations Fund for nearly three decades with a stunning average annual return of 19.5 percent, launched the investment trust Fidelity China Special Situations in 2010. Three years later, that fund is down 15 percent, and Bolton plans to step down next year.

The volatile performance of China’s stock markets gives pause to investors of all stripes, but it also unfortunately intersects with another worrying trend in China: the graying of the population. China today is home to 180 million people over age 60. That figure is expected to double to 360 million by 2030. According to Wang Feng, director of the Brookings-Tsinghua Center in Beijing, by 2030, at least one in five people in China will be over age 65. How can they prudently invest for retirement?

The average life expectancy in China is now 73 for men and 79 for women, up more than 12 years since 1970, thanks to improved health care and nutrition. But the mandatory retirement age for most workers in China is fairly low: 50 for women and 60 for men. As a comprehensive report by the Prudential Foundation and the Center for Strategic & International Studies, China’s Long March to Retirement Reform, put it, “older workers seem to have little place in China’s new economic order.” The report also found that as of 2007, only 65 percent of the urban workforce, including both civil servants and private-sector employees, was contributing to even a basic state-mandated pension plan.

For the past half decade, real estate has been the preferred investment vehicle in China. Only two decades old, China’s private real estate market has never yet seen a downturn. Home prices in many leading cities, however, have risen so quickly that many nonwealthy Chinese are struggling today to enter the market and buy their first homes, even with the help of parents’ and extended family’s savings. (To be sure, many analysts and even Chinese megadeveloper Vanke’s chairman, Wang Shi, say the country’s heated real estate market risks becoming a bubble: “If the bubble lasted, it will be dangerous,” Wang told a recent conference in Shanghai.)”

via The Risky Business of Retirement in China – Businessweek.

10/07/2013

Growth of China’s Service Sector Slows

BusinessWeek: “The latest less-than-encouraging news from China’s economy: Service-sector companies are seeing lackluster business, according to two separate surveys released July 3. That follows disappointing news showing China’s manufacturing growth is also slowing, announced just days earlier.

The opening of the K11 Art Mall in Shanghai, China, on June 28, 2013

A government survey by China’s National Bureau of Statistics and Federation of Logistics and Purchasing of 1,200 nonmanufacturing companies in 27 industries, including retail, catering, construction, and transportation, showed business activity losing steam, with a reading of 53.9 in June, down from 54.3 the previous month (a reading above 50 shows expansion). A separate private survey conducted by HSBC and Markit Economics, covering 400 private service-sector companies, showed business basically unchanged, at 51.3 in June, compared with 51.2 the month before.

“The underlying growth momentum is likely to be softening for services sectors, along with the slowdown of manufacturing growth,” warned Hongbin Qu, Chief Economist, China & Co-Head of Asian Economic Research at HSBC (HSBA:LN), in a statement released July 3.

This is not good news for China’s new leaders, who have recently reiterated a national goal of economic rebalancing. That means moving from an emphasis on investment to one more reliant on consumption, with a crucial need for a bigger, stronger service economy. China’s service sector, now at 44.6 percent of the economy, is up 2.7 percentage points from 12 months ago. Still, that’s well below the 60 percent of GDP common in most developed countries, reported China’s official Xinhua News Agency on May 29.”

via Growth of China’s Service Sector Slows – Businessweek.

See also: https://chindia-alert.org/economic-factors/china-needs-to-rebalance-her-economy/

10/07/2013

China Absent From Transparency International’s Global Corruption Report

WSJ: “How bad is corruption in China? Don’t ask.

That’s the answer Transparency International says it got from Chinese market research firms as it conducted a survey on the topic.

“We approached a number of different local survey companies, but they did not feel that it would be possible to implement a survey of this nature in China without omitting many of the questions,” a spokeswoman for the Berlin-based group said in an email response to questions.

On Tuesday, Transparency International published a report it had been touting in recent weeks as the “biggest-ever public opinion survey on corruption.”

Yet despite the breadth of its research – 114,000 people surveyed in 107 countries – Transparency International doesn’t mention China once in its 48-page Global Corruption Barometer 2013. A pull-down tab of country reports on the organization’s website skips from Chile to Colombia.

“It’s true that China is clearly the main omission in terms of the survey’s country coverage, but we still firmly believe the Global Corruption Barometer’s overall messages and results are globally relevant,” the spokeswoman said. “Every time we do this research we seek to find ways to include China, but it remains a huge challenge.”

Corruption is a common topic of discussion in China.

Communist Party leaders have regularly said official corruption is the biggest threat to the leadership’s legitimacy. In March, just hours into his presidency, Xi Jinping urged his new team to “reject formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance, and resolutely fight against corruption and other misconduct.”

Market researchers say corruption is too sensitive to probe in significant depth, given China’s controls on all forms of domestic media.

Last October, the Pew Research Center said half the Chinese people answering one of its surveys said corrupt officials are a major problem.

Pew said it hired a Beijing firm, Horizon Consultancy Group, to ask dozens of attitude questions related to society and politics including, “Tell me if you think it is a very big problem, a moderately big problem, a small problem or not a problem at all: Corrupt business people.”

Transparency International’s approach is more blunt: it says it starts with the assumption that corruption exists everywhere.

For its Global Corruption Barometer report, Transparency International used a multi-question survey focused only on bribery, malfeasance and influence peddling. Its surveyors around the world began with the pointed query, “Over the past two years, how has the level of corruption in this country changed?”

One measure of China’s corruption is the outsider’s view. Based on that measure, China ranked 80th out of 174 countries in an index of corruption perception published by Transparency International last year.”

via China Absent From Transparency International’s Global Corruption Report – China Real Time Report – WSJ.

09/07/2013

Newly discovered ancient maps support Chinese territorial claims

It’s a dangerous precedent to rely on ancient maps. The reason is that unless one goes back far enough, there is always the chance there is another set of older maps that refute the ones you think have the final word on your claims.

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