Posts tagged ‘politics’

21/09/2012

* Chinese democracy experiment marked by protest a year on

Reuters: “One of China’s most celebrated experiments in grass-roots democracy showed signs of faltering on Friday, as frustrations with elected officials in the southern fishing village of Wukan triggered a small and angry protest.

Villagers gather outside the Wukan Communist Party offices to protest against the land grab disputes in Wukan village in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong September 21, 2012. REUTERS-James Pomfret

On the first anniversary of an uprising that gave birth to the experiment, more than 100 villagers rallied outside Wukan’s Communist Party offices to express anger at what they saw as slow progress by the village’s democratically elected governing committee to resolve local land disputes.

“We still haven’t got our land back,” shouted Liu Hancai, a retired 62-year-old party member, one of many villagers fighting to win back land that was seized by Wukan’s previous administration and illegally sold for development.

The small crowd, many on motorbikes, was kept under tight surveillance by plain-clothed officials fearful of any broader unrest breaking out. Police cars were patrolling the streets.

“There would be more people here, but many people are afraid of trouble and won’t come out,” Liu told Reuters.

A year ago, Wukan became a beacon of rights activism after the land seizures sparked unrest and led to the sacking of local party officials. That in turn led to village-wide elections for a more representative committee to help resolve the rows.

Friday’s demonstration was far less heated than the protests that earned Wukan headlines around the world last year. But the small rally reveals how early optimism has soured for some.

Nevertheless, Wukan’s elderly village chief and former protest leader, Lin Zuluan, who was voted into office on a landslide, stressed these grievances were natural teething problems with any fledgling democracy.

He stressed his administration had made concrete strides including wresting back 253 hectares and implementing clean, legal and open administrative practices including full disclosure of village finances and open tenders for projects.

“At this starting point for Wukan there will definitely exist some problems but it doesn’t mean there hasn’t been democracy or that we have made major mistakes,” he said.

In March, expectations were high in this village, built near a sheltered harbor fringed by mountains, after Lin and his fellow elected leaders pledged to swiftly resolve the land issue.

Lin said complex land contracts and bureaucratic red-tape were hindering their work, with nearly 700 disputed hectares still unaccounted for.

Some critics say the village committee, which includes several young leaders of last year’s protests, lacked administrative experience, failed to engage the public and allowed itself to be out-maneuvered by higher party authorities.”

via Chinese democracy experiment marked by protest a year on | Reuters.

See also: https://chindia-alert.org/2012/03/05/wukan-village-elects-own-committee-hint-of-jasmin-spring/

20/09/2012

* India strike over supermarket reforms

BBC News: “Opposition parties and trade unions in India are staging a day-long strike over plans to open the country’s retail sector to global supermarket chains.

Demonstrators from the Samajwadi Party, a regional political party, shout slogans after they stopped a passenger train during a protest against price hikes in fuel and foreign direct investment (FDI) in retail, near Allahabad railway station September 20, 2012.

Workers blocked railways in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states, and Calcutta and Bangalore virtually shut down, but the response was more mixed elsewhere.

The reforms are essential to revive India’s slowing economy, ministers say.

A key ally left the ruling coalition in protest, although its majority in parliament is not at immediate risk.

The Congress-led government attempted to introduce the retail reforms last year, but backed down in the face of opposition.

Thursday’s nationwide strike, called by the main opposition Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), its allies and Communist parties, has shut down schools, businesses and public transport in many cities.

TV channels showed protests taking place in the cities of Patna, Allahabad and Varanasi in northern India.

Most businesses were shut in the eastern city of Calcutta and public transport was disrupted, reports said.

The southern state of Karnataka, which is governed by the BJP, was shut down in response to the strike call with buses off the roads and schools, hotels and businesses closed. The state capital, Bangalore – home to hundreds of IT companies including multinationals like IBM and Microsoft – was completely shut down.

“We have asked our employees to stay back at home. We will instead work on Saturday,” an official of Infosys, one of India’s leading software companies, said.

“The fear factor is the reason for the closure,” a spokesperson for another multinational company told the BBC.

The Confederation of All India Traders said 50 million people were expected to participate in the protests, and that large demonstrations were planned in Delhi and other cities.

However, much of the capital was operating normally on Thursday, BBC reporters said. There was a similar picture in the financial capital, Mumbai.”

via BBC News – India strike over supermarket reforms.

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19/09/2012

# Profile: Xi Jinping – China’s next leader?

BBC News: “Xi Jinping is expected to be the next Chinese leader.

A file photo taken on 17 August, 2012 of Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing

Vice-President Xi Jinping is widely tipped to become China’s next president and Communist Party chief.

Current leader Hu Jintao must retire as head of the party in 2012 and from the presidency in 2013, and Mr Xi’s current positions all suggest he is in place to assume the top jobs.

The 59-year-old, seen as a “princeling” – a term applied to senior officials who are thought to owe at least some of their success to family connections, is already on the standing committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

He is also one of the vice-chairmen of the party’s Central Military Commission, which controls the army.

Analysts see this appointment – a position Mr Hu held before he secured the top post – as a key indicator that he is tipped for the top in the leadership change expected in coming weeks.

Path to the top

Born in Beijing in 1953, he is the son of revolutionary veteran Xi Zhongxun, one of the Communist Party’s founding fathers.

Xi Zhongxun was purged from the post of vice-premier in 1962 prior to the Cultural Revolution and eventually imprisoned. The young Xi Jinping was then sent to work in the countryside like most other “intellectual youth” of the time.

He went on to study chemical engineering at Tsinghua University in Beijing, which has produced many of China’s current top leaders, including Hu Jintao.

Xi Jinping’s military appointment intensified assumptions he will succeed Hu Jintao

Joining the Communist Party in 1974, he served as a local party secretary in Hebei province and then went on to ever more senior roles in Fujian and then Zhejiang provinces.

He was named party chief of Shanghai in 2007 when its former chief, Chen Liangyu, was sacked over corruption charges. Shortly after, he was promoted to the party’s Standing Committee and, in 2008, became vice-president.

Xi Jinping is seen as pro-business, after working hard to attract foreign investment to Fujian and Zhejiang.

In 2005, when he was the Communist Party secretary in Zhejiang, he told media that “government should be a limited government”.

Whenever there are issues that the government was incapable of handling, he said, the public should be given back the power to tackle them.

Seen as having a zero-tolerance attitude to corrupt officials, Mr Xi has twice been drafted in to trouble-shoot major problems.

In Fujian he helped to clear up a corruption scandal in the late 1990s which involved the jailed smuggling kingpin Lai Changxing.

In 2004, he reportedly told officials: “Rein in your spouses, children, relatives, friends and staff, and vow not to use power for personal gain.”

When, in June 2012, a Bloomberg investigative report examined the finances of his relatives, the company’s website was blocked in China – even though the report said there was no indication of wrongdoing by him or his family.”

via BBC News – Profile: Xi Jinping – China’s next leader?.

See also: https://chindia-alert.org/political-factors/

19/09/2012

# How China is ruled: National People’s Congress

BBC News: ”

Under China’s 1982 constitution, the most powerful organ of state is meant to be the National People’s Congress (NPC), China’s parliament. In truth, it is little more than a rubber stamp for party decisions.

The congress is made up of nearly 3,000 delegates elected by China’s provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and the armed forces. Delegates hold office for five years, and the full congress is convened for one session each year.

This sporadic and unwieldy nature means that real influence lies within a standing committee of about 150 members elected from congress delegates. It meets every couple of months.

In theory, the congress has the power to change the constitution and make laws. But it is not, and is not meant to be, an independent body in the Western sense of a parliament.

NPC meetings are more about spectacle than power

For a start, about 70% of its delegates – and almost all its senior figures – are also party members. Their loyalty is to the party first, the NPC second.

Independence

What actually tends to happen, therefore, is that the party drafts most new legislation and passes it to the NPC for “consideration”, better described as speedy approval.

The NPC has shown some signs of growing independence over the past decade. In a notable incident in 1999, it delayed passing a law bringing in an unpopular fuel tax. It has also been given greater leeway drafting laws in areas like human rights.

The congress also “elects” the country’s highest leaders, including the state president and vice-president, the chairman of the government’s own Military Affairs Commission and the president of the Supreme People’s Court.

But again, these elections are very different from the Western ideal.”

via BBC News – How China is ruled: National People’s Congress.

See also: https://chindia-alert.org/political-factors/

18/09/2012

* In India, Mamata Banerjee May Bring Down Coalition

NY Times: “When Mamata Banerjee, a 5-foot-tall dynamo in flip-flops, finally defeated the Communists last year after decades of misrule here, she became one of the most powerful but unpredictable politicians in India. Now the country is left to guess whether she will announce on Tuesday that she intends to try to pull down India’s governing coalition.

Ms. Banerjee may bring down the governing coalition.

Ms. Banerjee is the chief minister of West Bengal, a state more populous than Germany, and she leads a regional party with 19 ministers in Parliament, a crucial block of votes for the governing United Progressive Alliance. Indeed, she is so influential that Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton paid her a special visit on a recent trip to India, a highly unusual honor for any regional leader.

On Thursday and Friday, the government pushed through several sweeping policy changes, including one that would allow Walmart and Ikea to set up shop in India. Ms. Banerjee has repeatedly opposed plans to open India up to more competition. She is in some ways more leftist than the Communists she replaced.

But while she has vowed to protest the changes, it is unclear whether she will go further on Tuesday and push for early elections after she meets with her party leaders. As is often the case with Ms. Banerjee, her public statements are often contradictory.”

via In India, Mamata Banerjee May Bring Down Coalition – NYTimes.com.

18/09/2012

* In Africa’s warm heart, a cold welcome for Chinese

reuters: “Malawians bill their country as the “Warm Heart of Africa” and pride themselves on a reputation for friendliness. But Jaffa Shaibu, a burly 32-year-old merchant in a clothes market in Salima, a dusty town near the shores of Lake Malawi, feels less than welcoming to the Chinese traders who have moved in over the past four years.

Liberian children hold Chinese flags before the arrival of China's President Hu Jintao in Monrovia in this February 1, 2007 file photo. REUTERS-Christopher Herwig-Files

“The way it looks, one day there will be a big fight with them,” Shaibu said. “One day there will be blood.”

Echoing a grievance heard across Africa, Shaibu and his colleagues in this town of 40,000 complain of Chinese businessmen with better access to cheap imports of clothes, shoes and electronics, and deeper pockets that allow them to reduce their margins.

That sentiment is part of a grass-roots backlash against Beijing’s increasing diplomatic and commercial clout in Africa.

In many ways, the relationship between the two has never been stronger. Bilateral trade has almost doubled over the past three years, to $166 billion in 2011 from $91 billion in 2009. In July, Chinese President Hu Jintao offered Africa $20 billion in cheap loans over the next three years. China, he said, would forever be a “good friend, a good partner and a good brother” to Africa.

But a growing number of Africa’s billion people are less enthusiastic.”

via Insight: In Africa’s warm heart, a cold welcome for Chinese | Reuters.

17/09/2012

* ‘Iron rice bowl’ ban served up in another city

China Daily: “Civil servants in one city in central China may lose their “iron rice bowl” under a pilot program to be launched this year, the Zhengzhou Evening News reported Monday.

Members of the civil service will be hired under contract rather than with a lifetime job guarantee, according to Zhengzhou Administration of Civil Servants.

The contract normally lasts one to five years, and whether it will be renewed will depend on their performances in the post, according to the new system, which was first adopted in 2007 by South China’s Shenzhen city to increase competitiveness and efficiency in government agencies.

The program is also being mulled by other provinces such as Southwest China’s Sichuan, East China’s Jiangsu and Central China’s Hubei.

“Iron bowl” or “iron rice bowl” are terms to describe a stable occupation for life in China, such as a civil servant.”

via ‘Iron rice bowl’ ban served up in another city |Society |chinadaily.com.cn.

No more job guarantees for civil servants, just like in most Western countries.

15/09/2012

* Thousands protest against Japan’s ‘island purchase’

China Daily: “Protests against Japanese government’s move to “purchase” and “nationalize” the Diaoyu Islands continued outside the Japanese Embassy in Beijing on Friday.

Plain-clothes police officers instruct demonstrators to move during a protest outside the Japanese embassy in Beijing September 14, 2012. REUTERS-David Gray

Protesters started to gather in front of the embassy compound in the morning. By 6 pm, more than 5,000 people including wheel-chaired elderly and kids had taken part in the protests.

Police told the protesters in advance to be rational in their protests.

Also on Friday, about 100 people protested against Japan in Tengchong, a city in the southwestern province of Yunnan, while attending a public memorial for soldiers killed during the anti-Japanese war in the 1940s.

The protestors waved China’s national flags and shouted slogans including “Do not forget national humiliation, safeguard sovereignty, and Diaoyu Islands are China’s territory.”

During the anti-Japanese war, Japanese forces occupied Tengchong for two years and committed appalling crimes there.

via Thousands protest against Japan’s ‘island purchase’ |Politics |chinadaily.com.cn.

15/09/2012

* Coalgate: Supreme Court issues notice to Centre over coal block allocations

The Times of India: “The Supreme Court has issued notice to the Centre on coal block allocations and has asked the govt what action it proposes to take against illegal allotments and those allottees who breached the contract.

The apex court has asked the coal secretary to file affidavit answering 6 questions on a PIL seeking cancellation of all 194 coal mine blocks under controversy.

The apex court’s posers to the government includes —

Why competitive bidding process was not followed for allocation of coal blocks?

What were the guidelines for allocation of coal blocks and whether there was any deviation during actual allocation?

Why so many politicians and their relatives figure among the alleged irregular allottees?

Whether the guidelines for allocation overlooked the safety mechanism to render the allotments as largesse in favour of private parties?

Whether govt’s objective in coal block allocation has been achieved through the present mode of allocation, which was faulted by the CAG?

The apex court has asked the coal secretary to file a response in 8 weeks.

Turning down the Centre’s plea that the court should not go into the issue as it is being looked into by a Parliamentary committee, the apex court said “these are different exercises.”

A bench of justices R M Lodha and A R Dave said the petition raised serious questions and “it requires explanation from the government”.”

via Coalgate: Supreme Court issues notice to Centre over coal block allocations – The Times of India.

See also: https://chindia-alert.org/2012/09/07/india-parliament-ends-in-deadlock/

14/09/2012

* India opens retail to global supermarkets

BBC News: “India’s government has once again cleared a controversial plan to open up its lucrative retail sector to global supermarket chains.

Last year, the government suspended a similar plan after fierce opposition from its allies and political rivals.

International firms such as Walmart and Tesco will now be able to buy up to a 51% stake in multi-brand retailers.

Analysts say the government has reintroduced the measure in an effort to revive a flagging economy.

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh is reported to have told cabinet colleagues that “the time for big bang reform has come; we have to go down fighting”.

Strong opposition

The decision was one of several key reforms announced by the government. It also approved a plan to allow foreign airlines to buy 49% stakes in local carriers, in the hope that this will boost the country’s troubled aviation sector.

The decision to open up India’s lucrative retail sector to international supermarket chains has come as a major surprise. It was among a slew of key economic reforms announced by the government and is seen as vital to reviving the country’s slowing economy.

For months the decision has been held up by political gridlock, especially because it was opposed by the government’s own allies. But it now appears the government has decided to bite the bullet, especially as its own credibility – and that of Manmohan Singh – is at an all-time low following a series of financial scandals.

Much will now depend on Mr Singh’s ability to keep his disparate coalition together, as opposition to these measures is expected to be fierce.

Many will see this as a final throw of the dice, not just to revive the economy and boost confidence among investors but also ahead of the national elections due in 2014.

It also follows Thursday’s dramatic 14% rise in the price of diesel, which is heavily subsidised in India.

The government was forced to back down on retail reform after the cabinet first undertook to open up the retail sector last November.

The move had been strongly opposed by tens of thousands of small businesses and cornershops who fear they will be put out of business.

But this latest move has already been welcomed by economists who say it will transform the way Indians shop and will boost the economy.

The opposition Bharatiya Janata Party and the Communists labelled it a “betrayal of democracy”.

via BBC News – India opens retail to global supermarkets.

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