Posts tagged ‘World Economic Forum’

07/09/2015

India ranks low on inclusive growth, development in WEF report – The Hindu

Ranked in the bottom half of the 38 countries that make up our lower middle income bracket. India has been ranked very low, mostly in the bottom half, globally on most of the parameters for inclusive growth and development even as it fares much better internationally when it come to business and political ethics. India’s overall place in the Global Competitiveness Index 2014–2015 rankings is 71 out of 144 countries.

Growth and Development Report is the first inclusive report ever by World Economic Forum that assess countries’ efforts to foster economic growth that raises the living standards of entire societies.In a first of its kind global rankings, across different groups of countries in terms of their per capita income levels, the World Economic Forum (WEF) found that most countries are in fact missing major opportunities to reduce income inequality and same is the case with India. WEF said that the new study, which was conducted over the past two years, seeks to identify the various ways policymakers can drive economic growth and equity at the same time and assesses them on their relative success in implementing these measures. “Our message is unequivocally that leaders must pursue economic strategies that are at the same time pro-growth and pro-labour,” said the Geneva-based think tank known for its economic conclaves held in different parts of the world including in Davos, Switzerland and in India. India has mostly been ranked in the bottom half of the 38 countries that make up our lower middle income bracket.

Particularly disappointing is its position in terms of Fiscal Transfers, where it ranks 37th out of 38. It also ranks very low at 32nd for Tax Code and 36th for social protection. WEF said that another area that policymakers in India would need to prioritise improvement would be ‘Asset building and entrepreneurship’, in particular the Small business ownership, where India ranks bottom among its peers at 38th place. However, India does demonstrate ‘leadership’ in some areas, WEF said, while naming areas like corruption and rent where it comes 8th.

For business and political ethics, India ranks 12th, while it ranks 11th on the Financial intermediation of real economy investment pillar, which suggests that money invested in the economy generally gets directed towards productive uses. WEF said its first Inclusive Growth and Development Report present a new framework for assessing countries’ efforts to foster economic growth that raises the living standards of entire societies. “Around the world, no bigger policy challenge preoccupies political leaders than expanding social participation in the process and benefits of economic growth,” WEF said while releasing the report that covers 112 economies.

Source: India ranks low on inclusive growth, development in WEF report – The Hindu

10/02/2015

Pollution: The cost of clean air | The Economist

A DESOLATE scene surrounds Little Zhang’s Tyre Repair in the dusty rock-mining township of Shijing, in the northern province of Hebei. Zhang Minsheng, the owner, still gets some business from passing traffic. But the recent closure of nearby rock quarries, because of air-pollution restrictions, has taken its toll. He reckons his monthly income has fallen by 30-40% to around 4,000 yuan ($640). Next door a wholesale coal business has closed. So too have a small family-owned barbecue restaurant and an alcohol, tobacco and grocery store. Red characters posted by their entrances still forlornly proclaim their “grand opening”.

Last year on a typically smoggy day in Beijing, Li Keqiang, the prime minister, declared “war” on air pollution—a problem that has become a national fixation. Smog remains a grave danger in most Chinese cities, but environmental measures are beginning to show teeth. Regulators in the most polluted provinces are ordering mass closures of offending enterprises. In some areas officials are being punished for failing to control pollution. Policymakers are placing less emphasis on GDP growth—long an obsession of officials at all levels of government—and talking up greenness.

The transformation will be painful. China’s new toughness on polluting quarries, mills and factories coincides with an economic slowdown that will make it harder to create new jobs for those laid off. Slower growth is in line with the government’s efforts to curb wasteful investment, and with it a dangerous build-up of debt. The slowdown also happens to be helpful in curtailing pollution: China’s consumption of coal, a huge contributor to smog as well as to climate-change emissions, fell slightly in 2014 after 14 years of growth.

Mr Li’s war is especially bloody in Hebei, which is blamed for much of the smog in Beijing. Keeping the air of the capital clean is a political priority. Chinese leaders have been embarrassed by the damage caused to China’s international image by the city’s relentlessly grey skies. They worry that the smog could fuel dissatisfaction with the government and undermine stability in the capital, as well as affect their own and their families’ health. Dutifully, Hebei, which surrounds Beijing, has been trying to clean up. Since the beginning of 2013 it has reported closing down 18,000 polluting factories. In January Hebei Daily, a state-run newspaper, said that in Mancheng county, to which Shijing township belongs, 37 rock quarries and rubble pits had been shut.

via Pollution: The cost of clean air | The Economist.

25/11/2014

India to Double Renewables in Energy Mix, Minister Says – Businessweek

India plans to more than double the share of renewables in the mix of fuels it consumes, an effort to reduce the dominance of coal.

Renewables such as solar and wind may account for 15 percent of India’s energy supply in the next five years, up from 6 percent currently, said Piyush Goyal, a government minister in charge of power, said at a conference in New Delhi.

“While coal will continue to dominate our energy mix for sometime, we are taking steps to protect the environment,” Goyal said today. “Neither India nor the world has the luxury of time when it comes to protection of the environment.”

Prime Minister Narendra Modi wants to speed up clean energy deployment in India as it tries to attract more than $100 billion of investment for the industry in the next four years. At present, coal generates 60 percent electricity in a nation that suffers from chronic blackouts.

The minister reiterated his previously stated view that renewables can’t count on government subsidies for too long. He said the industry should focus on convincing banks to make funding for projects as easily available as loans for cars.

Modi’s administration reintroduced a tax break for the wind industry earlier this year. Goyal said he hopes those will help turbine installers add 8 gigawatts of capacity every year, a level that would make India one of the biggest wind markets in the world.

India plans to require power purchasers and generators to include renewable energy in their suppliers and will penalize those that don’t, he said.

India will host a renewables conference from Feb. 15 to Feb. 17 to encourage growth in the industry.

via India to Double Renewables in Energy Mix, Minister Says – Businessweek.

09/05/2014

China to earmark over half of foreign aid for Africa: Premier Li – Xinhua | English.news.cn

ABUJA, May 8 (Xinhua) — China will earmark more than half of its foreign aid for Africa and attach no preconditions, visiting Chinese Premier Li Keqiang said here Thursday.

ANGOLA-CHINA-LI KEQIANG-ARRIVAL

“China will, as always, continue to increase its assistance to Africa in both quantity and quality to the extent of its ability, ensuring that more than half of its foreign aid will go to Africa,” Li told a World Economic Forum on Africa in the Nigerian capital.

Hailing Africa as an important pole in world politics, a new pole in global economic growth and a colorful pole in human civilization, Li said that the development of Africa will make the world more democratic, stable, dynamic and colorful, and is conducive to world peace, development and progress.

“It would be better to have more poles than less in the world political and economic landscape,” he said.

The Chinese premier pledged that Beijing will help Africa develop the networks of high-speed railways, expressways and regional airports, saying infrastructure construction, transportation in particular, should be a priority in achieving inclusive growth.

Referring to an African “dream of the century” depicted by African Union (AU) Commission Chairperson Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma to connect African capitals with high-speed railways, Li said China stands ready to help with the mega project.

China is ready to carry out all-dimensional cooperation with Africa on high-speed railways, including their planning, designing, construction and management, Li said.

China is also willing to set up a high-speed railway research and development center in Africa, he added.

Li stressed that cooperation between China and African countries is based on good faith and openness, saying his country is willing to share its advanced and applicable technologies and management expertise without reservation.

China is also ready to step up collaboration with international organizations and relevant countries to make a joint contribution to Africa’s development, he added.

Li also pledged to strengthen China-Africa cooperation in green and low carbon development and make sure the Chinese enterprises operating in Africa fulfill their social responsibilities.

He stressed that China will never attach political conditions to its assistance to Africa and will never use its aid programs to interfere in the internal affairs of African countries.

Li also assured the audience that China continues to enjoy solid foundation for sustained economic growth despite recent slowdown.

China will give more attention to the quality and efficiency of growth and make growth more inclusive and sustainable, the premier said.

“We have the confidence and capability to meet the expected growth target of around 7.5 percent for this year and maintain a medium-high growth for a fairly long period of time to come,” he said.

This is good news for African countries and the global economy at large, he said.

The Chinese premier, currently in Angola for a visit, started on Sunday his first Africa tour since taking office in March last year. He had visited Ethiopia and Nigeria, and will travel to Kenya.

via China to earmark over half of foreign aid for Africa: Premier Li – Xinhua | English.news.cn.

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25/01/2014

BIS – Press Releases – New government support to encourage manufacturing production back to the UK

This initiative will only work if people like Sir James Dyson stop using lack of UK skills as an excuse to offshore.  Fortunately, very recently Sir James has done just that – see – http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/engineering/10590729/Sir-James-Dyson-to-create-jobs-for-3000-engineers.html 

See also https://chindia-alert.org/2013/11/03/china-theyll-make-it-cheaper-in-yorkshire-the-sunday-times/

UK Trade & Investment (UKTI) has joined forces with the Manufacturing Advisory Service (MAS) to launch Reshore UK, a new one-stop-shop service to help companies bring production back to the UK.

UK companies are increasingly looking to reshore manufacturing, textiles, software production and call centre work to the UK instead of outsourcing overseas. This is due to the combination of a strong and stable economy, competitive corporate tax rates, a good regulatory environment, strong legal frameworks and a dynamic labour market.

UKTI has identified 1,500 manufacturing jobs reshored in the UK since 2011 and a MAS survey shows companies citing costs, quality and reducing lead times as the top three reasons for moving production back to the UK.

Reshore UK will provide a matching and location service, access to advice and support and a named individual to help each company. MAS’s role is to help support small and medium sized businesses to be globally competitive and to ensure there is capacity in the UK supply chain to take advantage of the reshoring opportunities. UKTI will use its global networks to attract foreign companies to invest.

By joining up the range of support available, the new service Reshore UK will be accessible for both UK and international firms and will ensure that they get the right support, when they need it most. It sees government working in partnership with industry in line with the Industrial Strategy, giving business the confidence to invest, creating more jobs and growth in the UK.

Prime Minister David Cameron who is speaking at the World Economic Forum in Davos this morning said:

English: DAVOS/SWITZERLAND, 29JAN10 - David Ca...

“For years UKTI has played a vital role helping our businesses to export and encouraging inward investment. Now, as part of our long-term economic plan, I also want us to help businesses bring back production to Britain. This new service will offer dedicated support for businesses that want to capitalise on the opportunities of reshoring, creating new jobs and ensuring that hard-working people can reap the benefits of globalisation.””

via BIS – Press Releases – New government support to encourage manufacturing production back to the UK.

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05/10/2013

Tiny Malta Turns to China, Says Prime Minister – Businessweek

After becoming prime minister of the tiny but strategic Mediterranean island nation of Malta in March, 39-year-old Labor Party leader Joseph Muscat has put a new priority on strengthening relations with China. This marks a major shift for the Maltese government that rules over a population of 418,000. While maintaining good relations with Beijing during their almost 25-year-tenure (apart from a brief 18-month-period in the 1990s, Labor has been out of power since 1987) the conservative Nationalist Party had focused much more on the relationship with the European Union.

Maltese Prime Minister Joseph Muscat at the U.N. headquarters in New York

PRC-Malta ties have a relatively long history. Malta was one of the first European countries to establish diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China in early 1972, then also under a Labor government. And as Malta prepared to close the military bases of its former colonial overlord Britain in the mid 1970s, it also won substantial economic aid from China (the bases were finally shut in 1979). That included providing complete factories to produce glass, textiles, and chocolate, as well as state-owned China Harbour Engineering Corporation, funding and constructing a massive 300,000-ton dry dock that berths supertankers, nicknamed the “Red China Dock,” completed in 1980 and still used today. China is now planning construction of a massive new embassy in Malta, expected to be even bigger than the large U.S. embassy.

Muscat visited China in September where he signed a memorandum of understanding that will see state-owned enterprises, China Power Investment and Shanghai Electric, invest a minority shareholding in Malta’s energy provider, aimed at producing photo-voltaic units for sale in Europe and the Mediterranean. Bloomberg Businessweek sat down for an interview with the Malta prime minister on Sept. 12th, on the sidelines of a World Economic Forum, meeting in Dalian. What follows are edited excerpts from the interview.

via Tiny Malta Turns to China, Says Prime Minister – Businessweek.

See also: https://chindia-alert.org/political-factors/geopolitics-chinese/

11/09/2013

Reading Li Keqiang’s Tea Leaves at the World Economic Forum

In my opinion, this is another important article to read. It complements the Reuter’s piece: see – https://chindia-alert.org/2013/09/11/changing-china-set-to-shake-world-economy-again/

 

WSJ: “What’s the outlook for growth and the plans for reform of China’s economy? China Real Time planned an exclusive interview with Premier Li Keqiang to get the lowdown.

Unfortunately there wasn’t a time when both of us were free. So instead we read the transcript of Mr. Li’s question and answer session with executives at a closed door session at the World Economic Forum in Dalian, Tuesday.

Mr. Li’s remarks on everything from the role of government to the importance of financial reforms contained little in the way of new commitments. But coming ahead of a November meeting of senior Communist Party leaders – billed as the decisive moment for shifting China’s economic model – they raise expectations of concrete progress.

Here are the edited highlights of what Mr. Li said, and what we think it means.

“First, I think we need to get the relationship between government, the market and society right, that’s the key to economic reform, let the market do what the market should do, society do what society should do, and the government do what the government should do.”

A theme Mr. Li hit at his first press conference as Premier back at the National People’s Congress in March, and again here, is the need to get the roles of government and the market right. One of the main criticisms of Wen Jiabao – Mr. Li’s predecessor – was that he allowed the state to grow its role at the expense of a dynamic private sector. The hope among many economists is that Mr. Li will push back in the other direction.

“When there’s downward pressure on growth, one choice is to adjust economic policy, increase deficits, relax monetary policy. That might have a short-term benefit, but may not be beneficial for the future.”

Another criticism of Mr. Wen’s approach was that every hiccup in the economy was greeted with a credit- and investment-fueled stimulus. That helped keep growth buoyant and employment high, but also left a legacy of high debt and industrial overcapacity. Mr. Li is signaling he wants to focus on long-term reform rather than short-term stimulus.

“We will continue to liberalize interest rates… we eliminated the floor on lending interest rates. This is a step forward in the process of making interest rates market based, and we will keep moving forward.”

China’s artificially low government-set interest rates channel funds from household savers to business borrowers – contributing to lackluster consumption and overdone investment. Mr. Wen struck an early blow to liberalize interest rates toward the end of his administration by raising the ceiling on deposit rates and lowering the floor on loan rates. Mr. Li has continued in the same direction, with loan rates now set entirely by the market. The next step is further liberalization of deposit rates – good for savers but bad for banks, which would see profit margins fall.

“We will continue to open up the financial markets – to internal and external competition. For example… we are moving ahead with making the yuan convertible on the capital account.”

Mr. Li says he wants to allow a greater role for private firms in the financial system, and a more open capital account. Both would increase the efficiency of capital allocation. But some economists worry that with China’s state banks overextended from years of breakneck lending, rapid reforms could lay weakness bare and precipitate a crisis.

“We want to create a market environment of fair competition… Enterprises of different ownerships should all enjoy fair opportunities and conditions to compete in the market.”

Low productivity in state-dominated sectors of the economy is a key barrier to sustaining growth. Mr. Li stops short of any specific proposals, but the hope is that areas like telecoms, banking and logistics will be increasingly open to competition.

With an audience of foreign executives, Mr. Li also threw in a reference to protecting intellectual property, a key concern for multinationals that fear their technology and know-how will be pilfered by Chinese rivals.

“I can also tell you all, a few decades ago I was a farmer. That experience has helped me a lot as Premier. If the managers of this building have the experience of ‘cleaning the toilet,’ I believe they can better manage this complex.”

China’s domestic media have focused attention on this line, where Mr. Li nods to his experience as a farmer in the 1970s in inland Anhui province.The message is aimed partly at China’s students.  Anticipating close to 7 million university graduates nationwide this year, the government has been trying to encourage realistic expectation on employment prospects. High ambitions are good, but starting at the bottom is OK.

via Reading Li Keqiang’s Tea Leaves at the World Economic Forum – China Real Time Report – WSJ.

See also: https://chindia-alert.org/2013/08/01/china-treads-cautiously-to-rebalance-economy/

09/03/2013

* Women Gain Ground in China. Or Do They?

WSJ: “On this year’s Women’s Day, a host of Chinese media outlets are trumpeting a new study that finds China’s businesses rank the highest in the world for employing women in senior management roles.

The proportion of women in senior management in China has climbed to 51% this year, up from 25% in 2012 and outpacing the global average of 21%, according to the study, produced by the Beijing arm of accounting firm Grant Thornton. In a survey of 200 businesses in China, 94% of them employed women in senior roles, the study said.

Agence France-Presse/Getty Images

Woman do manual labour in a garden outside an office block on International Women’s Day in Shanghai on March 8, 2013.

The survey’s findings would seem to represent great news for women in a country with a long history of entrenched patriarchy – except they conflict significantly with other studies that show Chinese women have actually been losing ground in the labor force, politics and society.

One recent study by National University of Singapore’s Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and the New York-based Asia Society, for every five Chinese men who rises to a senior position in the workplace only one woman achieves the same level of advancement. The ratio is even more lopsided inside the Communist Party: In the party’s Central Committee, where major policy decisions are discussed, only 10 of the 205 members are women, and no woman has ever held a spot on the Politburo Standing Committee, the party’s top decision-making body.

Things are slightly better in the country’s rubber-stamp parliament, the National People’s Congress, where 23% of the 2,987 delegates are female.

In the World Economic Forum’s gender equality index, an annual ranking of countries by their ability to develop, retain and attract female talent, China’s ranking declined to 69th last year, down from 57th in 2008.”

via Women Gain Ground in China. Or Do They? – China Real Time Report – WSJ.

14/03/2012

* Stephen Roach on the consumer opportunity in China

McKinsey: “Focusing on exports to the world’s second-largest economy will help the United States generate growth and jobs, says Morgan Stanley Asia’s former non-executive chairman.

A year ago, the National People’s Congress enacted China’s 12th five-year plan, which included three main building blocks: a greater focus on jobs, urbanization to boost wages, and financing a social safety net that encourages families to spend rather than save. Stephen Roach, a professor at Yale University and former nonexecutive chairman of Morgan Stanley Asia, says that this document’s implementation is marking a major shift in China’s model, away from exports and investment and toward internal, private consumption. Therein lies a huge opportunity for other nations to benefit from the emergence of the world’s largest consumer population.

China, currently the biggest and most rapidly growing US export market, is well on its way to “create a consumption dynamic that will outstrip the growth of any consumer market in the world,” Roach asserts—“and shame on us if we’re not a part of that.” In this video, Roach explains how China must turn to internal demand to drive economic development and prosperity and why improving the testy China–US bilateral relationship is so critical for the economic future of both countries. McKinsey Publishing’s Rik Kirkland conducted the interview at the World Economic Forum, in Davos, in January 2012.”

via Stephen Roach on the consumer opportunity in China – McKinsey Quarterly – Retail & Consumer Goods – Sectors & Regions.

Related page: https://chindia-alert.org/economic-factors/consumerism-blossoms/

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